Chapter 16-17 Key Events

APUSH

American Federation of Labor

Created by Samuel Gompers in 1886. Coordinated the activities of craft unions and called for direct negotiation with employers in order to achieve benefits for skilled workers. All workers had to be union members to keep out low-wage competition and strengthen bargaining power with employers.

American Protective Association

Anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant organization in late 19th century. Prefigured the revived KKK in 1920s.

Anarchism

Political philosophy opposing all forms of hierarchical authority.

Antiquities Act

1906 law allowing president to designate sites with great environmental or cultural significance as national monuments

Atlanta Compromise

1895 address at Cotton States Exposition by Booker T. Washington, urging whites and blacks to work together for progress for all. (Interpreted as pro-segregation)

Chinese Exclusion Act

1882 law prohibiting Chinese labor immigration to the U.S.

Comstock Act

1873 law prohibiting distribution of obscene materials. (Sex, birth control, & reproduction)

Deskilling

The elimination of skilled labor under a new system of mechanized manufacturing, in which workers completed discrete, small-scale tasks rather than crafting an entire product. (Workers could be paid less and be replaced easier)

Eugenics

Movement aimed at improving human population through controlled breeding.

Farmers' Alliance

Founded in Texas during the depression of the 1870s that spread across the plane states and the south.

The farmers alliance advocated cooperative stores and exchanges that would circumvent middlemen, and it called for greater government aid to farmers instructor regulation of railroads.

Feminism

Movement advocating for women's rights and equality.

Fundamentalism

Adopted by Protestants who rejected modernism and historical interpretations of scripture and asserted the literal truth of the Bible.

Gospel of Wealth

Written by Andrew Carnegie. The success of a corporate leader showed their "fitness," and the wealthy should use their money for public good.

Granger Laws

State laws regulating railroad rates and grain elevator charges. Triggered by Greenback-Labor Party.

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Nationwide strike protesting the growing power of railroad companies. Involve wage cuts and poor conditions.

Greenback-Labor Party

A national political movement calling on the government to increase money supply in order to assist borrowers and foster economic growth; "Greenbackers" also called for greater regulation of corporations and laws enforcing an 8 hour work day.

Haymarket Square

May 4, 1886 labor rally in Chicago in which both workers and police were killed/wounded during a labor demonstration by local anarchists. Created backlash against all labor unions

Homestead Lockout

1892 event where workers from Homestead, Pennsylvanian mill were locked out cause Andrew Carnegie didn't want to renew the union contract. Workers attacked guards but were suppressed by national guard.

Horizontal Integration

Coined by John D. Rockefeller. Pressured competitors into merging companies into a conglomerate.

Interstate Commerce Act

1887 law that created the Interstate Commerce Commission, a federal regulatory agency designed to oversee the railroad industry and present collusion and unfair rates.

Jim Crow

Laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.

Knights of Labor

First mass labor organization created among the working class. Workers run things. Allowed ALL to join.

Management Revolution

An internal management structure adopted by many large, complex corporations, that distinguished top executives from those responsible for day-to-day operations and departmentalize operations by function

Maternalism

A belief that women should contribute to civic and political life through their talents as mothers, Christians, and moral guides. Social reform groups put in place to spread ideology.

Modernism

Question the ideals of progress and order, rejected realism, and emphasize new cultural forms

National American Woman Suffrage Association

Organization fighting for women's voting rights. Made by Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth cady Stanton

National Association of Colored Women

Made in 1896, a group promoting civil rights and social welfare for Black women. They aided their community with care for orphans, homes for elderly, and advocated temperance.

National Park Service

U.S. agency managing national parks and monuments.

Negro Leagues

Professional baseball leagues for African American players.

New South

Post-Civil War economic shift towards industrialization in the South.

Plessy v. Ferguson

1896 Supreme Court case upholding "Separate but equal" racial segregation laws.

Producerism

Economic theory valuing producers over non-producers in society.

Realism

Literary movement depicting everyday life and society accurately.

Scientific Management

By Frederick Taylor, designed to coax maximum output from the individual worker, increase efficiency, and reduce production costs.

Sierra Club

Environmental organization advocating for conservation and protection of America's great mountains and wilderness.

Social Darwinism

Application of Darwin's theory to justify social inequality. Human society advanced through ruthless competition and "survival of the fittest"

Social Gospel

Movement to renew religious faith through dedication to public welfare and social justice, reforming both society and self with Christian service.

Trust

A combination of firms to reduce competition.

Vertical Integration

Control of all production stages by a single company.

Women's Christian Temperance Union

Organization advocating for prohibition of liquor and spoke out against domestic violence.

Young Men's Christian Association

Organization promoting muscular Christianity, combining evangelism with athletic facilities where men can make themselves "clean and strong"