Non-gravid Uterus Pathology

What are the 4 most common categories of diseases affecting the uterus?

Anomalous

Infectious

Metabolic

Neoplastic

What is this condition in a cow?

Anomalous- double cervix

What is this condition? Describe it.

Anomalous - segmental aplasia of a uterine horn

Genetic condition (White heifer disease most common, but also in dogs)

Blind ended portion continues producing fluid

What is the route of most non-gravid uterine infections?

Ascending

How does the uterus defend against infection

IgA produced locally in mucousa = prevents bacterial attachment to uterine wall

Hormonal changes:

• oestrogen stimulates neutrophils, macrophages and T-cells

• progesterone downregulates the immune response

What condition does this indicate in a cow?

Metritis

Cause of post-partum metritis in sheep and goats

Clostridium tetani and perfringens

Risk factors of metritis in cattle (6)

Stillbirth

Twins

Retention of foetal membrane

Reduced feed intake before calving

Hypocalcaemia

Dystocia

Causative agent of contagious equine metritis and what are its clinical signs?

Taylorella equigenitalis

highly contageous venereal disease of mares

stallions do not develop disease but can transmit it. they are an important reservoir

• endometritis

• transient infertility

• abortion (rare)

Give a morphological diagnosis

Acute, severe, diffuse, purulent metritis

Give a morphological diagnosis

Moderate, diffuse, suppurative and haemorrhagic endometritis

What is this condition?

Pyometra

What occurs during cystic endometrial hyperplasia in dogs

Influenced by prolonged oestrogen exposure and no progesterone (metabolic cause)

Common in dogs

Endometrial hyperplasia with cystic distention of endometrial glands

Chronically hyperplastic glands leads to accumulation of mucoid fluid

• mucometra

• hydrometra

May increase susceptibility for uterine infection (E.coli), resulting in pyometra

Clinical signs of endometriosis

Idiopathic condition

Chronic pelvic pain

Infertility

Ectopic endometrial-like tissue (glands/stroma) that induce chronic inflammatory response and adhesions, and scar tissue

What is this condition in the rabbit?

Uterine endometrial adenocarcinoma

80% metastasis rate, often to lungs

What is this condition - the most common female reproductive neoplasm across domestic mammals?

Leiomyoma/Leiomyosarcoma