Water and Wastewater Engineering - Lecture 02

These vocabulary flashcards cover the fundamental principles of water supply systems, specifically focusing on water conveying, distribution methods, gravity vs. pumped systems, and layout designs as presented in the HNDE Civil Engineering course.

Water conveying

The transportation of water from its source (such as reservoirs or rivers) to treatment facilities or storage points using large-scale movement via canals, pipelines, and aqueducts.

Water distribution

The supply of treated water from storage facilities to end users (homes, industries, agriculture) using municipal water supply networks including pipes, pumps, valves, and water towers.

Gravity distribution method

A method where water is supplied to consumers using the natural force of gravity, typically used in hilly or elevated areas where the source is higher than the distribution area.

Pumped system

A water distribution system that relies on high-powered pumps to push water from sources like reservoirs or wells to consumers, primarily used in flat areas.

Booster pumps

Pumps used within a pipeline network to maintain adequate pressure during the distribution of water in a pumped system.

Combined system

A system where excess water during low consumption (after midnight) is stored in elevated tanks to be utilized during peak hours or power failures.

Tree or dead end system

A branched distribution layout suitable for irregularly growing towns that allows pipes to be added as the town develops, though it is prone to sediment accumulation at pipe ends.

Circle or ring system

A distribution layout designed for non-stop water supply and essential for fire fighting, as water can be drawn from several pipes at any point.

Water Storage

The process of collecting and keeping water for future use, categorized into natural, artificial, or bottled storage.

Natural storage examples

Lakes, Reservoirs, and Groundwater.

Artificial storage examples

Tanks, artificial lakes, and dams.

Design Considerations for Water Storage

Key factors including purpose, required capacity, water source, location, material selection, and structural stability.