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Isoflurane
General anesthetic, volatile liquids
Desflurane
General anesthetic, volatile liquids
Sevoflurane
General anesthetic, volatile liquids
Nitrous oxide
General anesthetic, gas
Malignant hyperthermia
Autosomal dominant genetic disorder of skeletal muscles in individuals undergoing generalized anesthesia with inhaled agents and muscle relaxants, increase of free calcium produces muscle contraction, fever, tachycardia, hyperkalemia, acidosis
Propofol
Intravenous anesthetic, GABAA channel agonist
Midazolam
Short-acting benzodiazepine, GABAA channel allosteric activator, increases frequency of channel openings, preopertaive drug producing anterograde manesia, anxiolysis and sedation
Flumazenil
Competitive antagonist for benzodiazepines at the GABAA channel, reversal agent
Fentanyl
Intravenous anesthetic, synthetic opiate
Nalaxone
Opiate antagonist, reversal agent
Etomidate
Intravenous anesthetic, minimal cardiac and respiratory depressant effects
Ketamine
Inhibits NMDA glutamate channels, produces dissociative anesthesia and may produce emergence phenomena
Emergence phenomena
Disorientation, sensory and perceptual illusions, vivid dreams following anesthesia, euphoria
Dissociative anesthesia
Catatonia, amnesia and analgesia without loss of consciousness
Lidocaine
Local anesthetic, more water soluble, block voltage gated sodium channels, higher affinity for activated and inactivated channels, intermediate acting
Chloroprocaine
Local anesthetic, more water soluble, block voltage gated sodium channels, higher affinity for activated and inactivated channels, short acting
Articaine
Local anesthetic, more water soluble, block voltage gated sodium channels, higher affinity for activated and inactivated channels, intermediate acting
Mepivacaine
Local anesthetic, more water soluble, block voltage gated sodium channels, higher affinity for activated and inactivated channels, intermediate acting
Prilocaine
Local anesthetic, more water soluble, block voltage gated sodium channels, higher affinity for activated and inactivated channels, intermediate acting
Tetracaine
Local anesthetic, less water soluble, block voltage gated sodium channels, higher affinity for activated and inactivated channels, long acting
Ropivacaine
Local anesthetic, less water soluble, block voltage gated sodium channels, higher affinity for activated and inactivated channels, long acting
Bupivacaine
Local anesthetic, less water soluble, block voltage gated sodium channels, higher affinity for activated and inactivated channels, long acting
Benzocaine
Local anesthetic, lipophilic, block voltage gated sodium channels, higher affinity for activated and inactivated channels, used topically
Cocaine
Local anesthetic, used topically for ear, nose and throat procedures, vasoconstriction limits bleeding
EMLA
Topical anesthtic combination of lidocaine and prilocaine, penetrates keratinized skin
Succinylcholine
Depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant, nicotinic channel antagonist, reversed by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Vecuronium
Non-depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant, nicotinic channel antagonist, reversed by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Cisatracurium
Non-depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant, nicotinic channel antagonist, reversed by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Rocuronium
Non-depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant, nicotinic channel antagonist, reversed by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Mivacurium
Non-depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant, nicotinic channel antagonist, reversed by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Atracurium
Non-depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant, nicotinic channel antagonist, reversed by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Pancuronium
Non-depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant, nicotinic channel antagonist, reversed by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Pyridostigmine
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, reversal agent
Neostigmine
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, reversal agent
Sugammadex
Non-depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant reversal agent, binds to free drug in plasma and decreases free concentration
Baclofen
Antispasmodic and spasmolytic agent, GABAB receptor agonist produces hyperpolarization with less sedation and doesn't decrease muscle strength
Tizanadine
Antispasmodic and spasmolytic agent, alpha 2 receptor agonist that inhibits nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord
Dantrolene
Interrupst the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, binds to the ryanodine channel, used to treat malignant hyperthermia
Botulinum toxin
Inhibits the fusion of vesicles containing acetylcholine, neurotoxin that produces local paralysis,
Cyclobenzaprine
Antispsamodic agent for skeletal muscle spasms from trauma or strain, similar to tricyclic antidepressants
