A1.1 (Water)

Hydrogen bonds

Intermolecular forces that form between partially charged molucules.

Polar covalent bonds

Bonds in which atoms share electrons unevenly so one atom has a slightly positive charge and the other slightly negative

Cohesion

Attraction between molecules of the same type (eg. water attracted to water)

Adhesion

Attraction between molecules of different types (eg. water attracted to cell walls)

Solvent

A liquid that can disolve solutes to form a solution

Metabolism

All the enzyme controlled reactions in an organism

Xylem

Thin narrow tubes which transport water in plants

Surface tension

The property of a substance to resist an external force.

Capillary action

The ability of water to flow against gravity in a narrow space.

Buoyancy

The upward force exerted by a fluid (liquid or gas) on an object immersed in the fluid.

Viscosity

The measure of a fluid's resistance to flow

Thermal conductivity

A measure of a material's ability to conduct heat

Specific heat capacity

The energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1 K (or 1°C).

Apoplast pathway

This pathway allows water and dissolved nutrients to move through the cell walls of plants

Extraplanetary

Existing or originating outside of a planet

Extraterrestrial

Existing or originating outside of a Earth

Exoplanet

A planet that orbits a star outside our solar system

Goldilocks Zone

The habitable zone, when their orbit around their star allows liquid water to exist on a planet

Asteroid

A small rocky body orbiting the sun

Comet

An extraplanetary object consisting of a nucleus of ice and dust. When near the sun it also has a "tail".