Global Studies Flashcards

Greek History, Athens, Sparta, Persia, Global Honors

importance of geography

importance of geography

Geography is the study of earth’s structure and its impact amongst civilizations.

Documentation keeps track of trades, routes, beliefs and cultures from other civilizations, new animals/materials.

Reading the stars or looking at the sky for navigation is really important

Delian League

• Alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens (5 BCE)

• Purpose was to continue fighting the Persian Empire after the victories in the Persian War

  • Headquarter located in island of Delos

• Athens used the League's resources for their own purposes which caused tension between the city-states and lead to the Peloponnesian War

Socrates

• Greek Philosopher who used questions to help his students think deeply about the life around them. 

  • Questioned EVERYTHING, government, education systems, parents, beliefs/religions

Herodotus

Known as the “Father of History”, his work was the first to systematically collect and record historical events/cultures

innovations were significant to history because he set the foundation for historical scriptures

not listing events trying to understand them on a deeper level

oligarchy

Form of government where a small group of people hold power

Ex: Royalty, Wealth, Education, Military control

Antigone

Tragedy by Sophocles

Tells the story of Antigone, the daughter of Oedipus, who defies the king’s order by burning her brother leading her to tragic consequences

Although she lost everything and had a life-sentence, one thing she didn’t lose was her empathy and courage for standing up with her values and for the people she desired most.

Honerable

Aristocracy

Form of government where power is held by a small/family privileged ruling class

Example:Birth, Wealth, Nobility

women’s rights in Athens vs. Sparta

Athens: women had limited rights and were mostly confined at home. Taking care of the house and children

• Sparta: women lived more freely than women in Athens

  • Could own property

  • Encouraged to be physically fit/strong

The Persian Wars

Battle between Greece and Persian Empire

Persians were outnumbered and had less battle experience and weaker armor to protect themselves

Athenians won the battle

Thermopylae

Battle in 400 BCE against Sparta versus the Persians

Spartans knew they were going to die after Persia decided to invade them

Persians won, victory for Sparta due to their courage and honor

Pericles

Main athenian leader during the “golden age”

Led athens in the Peloponnesian War

Developed the athenian democracy

Under his leadership, athens became a cultural and intellectual citystate with the major thinkers, artists and historians

The Peloponnesian War

Athen empire versus Sparta and their allies

Duration: 431 to 404 BCE

Cause: the growing influence and power of Athens threatened Sparta and its allies which created tension

Wars: Archidamian War, Peace of Nicias, Ionian War, Athens suffered defeat

Alexander the Great

2 sided person, good and bad

• He created one of the largest empire in history

  • Military Genius

• He was known for his ruthless tactics

  • Massacre

• Caused deaths and destruction among the Greek community

• He promoted learning and science related subjects

Hellenism

Spread of Greek culture, beliefs, or languages across the territories that were conquered by Alexander

Passed down knowledge, traditions, customs, through generations

Athenian Documents

Courage and loyalty in warfare and importance of values that were central to the Athenians

freedom, civic engagement and military value, intellectual were essential parts of the Athenian life

Spartan Documents

Hardiness, discipline and simplicity, self-controlled and brave rather than comfort

Spartan were trained to withstand harsh conditions to have experience in physical hardships at a young age

dedicated citizens to serve their city state

What would a compound claim to the response does Alexander deserve to be called “great”?

Alexander created one of the largest empires in history and significantly spread Greek culture across multiple regions

allowed exchange of ideas, cultures and technologies across the regions

compound claim

statement that combines (historical) two or more claims in one statement

ex: Alexander the Great conquered Persia and spread Hellenistic culture