Studied by 10 people
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low pressure systems in the northern hemispheres rotate…
counterclockwise
low pressure systems in the southern hemispheres rotate…
clockwise
deserts are located…
30 degrees north and south the equator
coriolis effect
the curving of the path of objects or fluids due to the earths rotation
what stabilizes the temperature in an area
proximity to water
lake effect
wind blowing across warmer water will carry more water vapor because of evaporation
what powers the weather
differential heating
how is the heat energy redistributed
by the atmosphere around the globe in six cells
el nino
warm ocean temperatures in the equatorial pacific
la nina
cold ocean temperatures in the equatorial pacific
rain shadow
disruptions of airflow by mountains and cities affect local climates. Windward sides are wet. leeward sides are dry.
what do ocean currents influence
temperature and rainfall
as temperature decreases elevation…
increases
prevailing winds
winds that blow from a single direction over a specific area
convergence zones
areas where prevailing winds meet
watershed
aslo called a drainage basin, an area of land where all water drains to a common waterway (bad stuff comes from upstream)
what causes unequal distrubution of sunlight
earths tilt
convergent boundaries
a tectonic boundary where two plates are moving toward each other
what do convergent boundaries create
mountains, volcanoes, or subduction zones that form large trenches
divergent boundaries
a tectonix boundary where two plates are moving away from each other and new crust forms from magma that rises to the earths surface between the plates
divergent boundaries create
ocean crust at mid ocean ridges
transform boundaries
places where plates slide sideways past eachother
transform boundaries create
earthquakes, ridges and valleys (lithosphere is neither created nor destroyed)
fault
a fracture or zone of fractures between blocks of rock. the boundary between tectonic plates where earthquakes happen
convection currents
heat driven cycles that occur in the air, ocean, and mantle
subduction zone
a collision between tectonic plates where one sinks into the mantle underneath the other plate
what powers the plates
the heat from earths interior
oceanic-continental convergent boundaries
oceanic plates subduct under continental because oceanic plates are more dense. trenches. volcanoes, and island arcs form
hotspots
volcanoes not necessarily at boundaries
continental-continental convergent
create mountains
elastic rebound theory
the earths crust can gradually store elastic stress that is released suddenly during an earthquake.
what gases make up the atmosphere
nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), others
the greatest pressure in the atmosphere is…
at the bottom (in the troposphere)
troposhere
80% of gases are here. as you go higher up the temperature decreases, all weather occurs here.
where is the ozone layer
in the stratosphere
stratosphere
as you go higher temperature increases, airplanes here because of the stable air
mesosphere
meteors here, as you go higher temperature decreases
thermosphere
as you go higher temperature increases
o soil layer
humus (top)
a soil layer
topsoil
e soil layer
elluviation
b soil layer
subsoil
c soil layer
bedrock starts to weather
r soil layer
bedrock/parent material (bottom)
Volcanoes not at plate boundaries are a result of…
hotspots
3 soil particle sizes from biggest to smallest
sand, silt, clay
Which soil particle is best at retaining water and nutrients because of its high surface area to volume ratio?
clay
What is Humus?
dark, organic material that forms in soil when plant and animal matter decays.
What is the best soil texture for most agriculture because of its balance of attributes?
loam
Where are PSC’s( polar stratospheric clouds)?
stratosphere
Where are noctilucent clouds?
mesosphere
Where do pollutants such as ash persist for long periods of time because the air is so stable here?
stratosphere
The shape of our Earth means that when sunlight reaches the poles it is less direct than near the
equator
march equinox
brings earlier sunrises, later sunsets and spring in the Northern Hemisphere
december solstice
the Northern Hemisphere tilts the farthest away from the Sun. it is when we have the least amount of daylight of any time of the year (winter)
september equinox
the start of fall
june solsice
occurs at the moment the earth's tilt toward the sun is at a maximum (summer) so the longest days
