Kinesiology Chapter 3&4

What is the definition of human anatomy?

The study of structures that make up the human body, and how those structures relate to each other.

What is this position?

anatomical position

Your nose is in what position compared to your eyes?

medial

Your ears are in what position compared to your cheeks?

Lateral

Your skin is in what position compared to your muscles?

Superficial

Your heart is in what position compared to your ribs?

Deep

In what position are your lips to your teeth?

Anterior (venteral)

In what position is your back to your abdomen?

posterior (dorsal)

In what position are your lips to your chin?

superior

In what position are your hands to your arms?

distal

In what position are your arms to your hands?

proximal

What is this position?

Supine

What is this position?

Prone

In what position is your chin to your lips?

inferior

What is the plane that divides the body into right and left?

Sagittal

What is the plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior?

Frontal (coronal) plane

What is the plane that divides the body into superior and inferior?

Transverse (horizontal) plane

When you are running, what plane are you moving in?

Sagittal plane

When you do jumping jacks, what plane are you moving in?

Frontal plane

What position do you travel in when you do a pirouette?

Transverse plane

What is the movement called when you decrease the angle between two bones at a joint?

flection

What is the movement called when you increase the angle between two bones at a joint?

Extention

In which plane does the flection usually occur in?

Sagittal

What is the movement called when you move something away from midline?

abduction

What is the movement called when you move something towards the midline?

adduction

In what plane does the adduction usually occur in?

Frontal plane

What is the movement called when you trace an imaginary circle with your index finger, but your hand stays at one position?

Circumduction

How is the movement called when you bend your right arm at the elbow and rotate it towards the middle and back?

Rotation

What is the movement called when you lie on your back and turn your hands to turn upwards? (thumbs out from the body)

Supination

What is the movement called when you lie on your back and turn your hands to turn downwards? (thumbs in toward the body)

Pronation

What is the movement called when you turn the sole of your foot towards the midline?

Inversion

What is the movement called when you turn the sole of your foot outward from the midline?

Eversion

How is the movement called when you flex your foot?

Dorsiflexion

How is the movement called when you point your toes?

plantar flexion

What includes axial skeleton?

Head, ribs, trunk

What includes appendicular skeleton?

Limbs

What are the classifications of bones?

Short, long, flat, sesamoid, irregular

What are the bones with lower porosity called? (less flexible and can resist greater stress)

Compact or cortical bone

What are the bones with porosity called? (more flexible)

Spongy or cancellous bones

Epiphyseal growth plate

Ends of the bone

Diaphysis

“Shaft” of the bone

Periosteum

A membrane that covers all bones

What happens to bones when you exercise more

They mineralize more (become sturdier)

Skeletal muscles

Body builder muscles

Smooth muscles

Organs

Cardiac muscles

Heart muscles

Muscle’s origin

A point where muscle attaches to the bone in a proximal position

Insertion point

A point where muscle attaches to the bone in a distal position

Tendon

connective tissue from muscle to bone

Joint

Connective tissue from bone to bone

Ligament

Joint, bone to bone

Fibrous joints

Absorb shock, little movement (skull joints)

Cartilaginous joints

Absorb shock, little movement

Synovial joints

Movement

Joint cavity

The space between and around the articulating bone

Synovial fluid

Liquid that fills the joint cavity

Joint capsule

Surrounds the joint and helps provide support

Synovial membrane

Lines the joint capsule

Cartalige

Covers the ends of the bones that connect to the joints

List all types of synovial joints

1. hinge

2. pivot

3. plane

4. condyloid

5. saddle

6. ball and socket

Hinge joint

ex. elbow

Pivot joint

ex. head and neck

Plane joint

ex. joints of the small bones in the wrist

Condyloid joints

ex. knuckle

Saddle joint

ex. thumb

Ball and socket joint

ex. hip or shoulder

Calvaria

Curved flat bones that form the “brain cup”

Name bones that make up the calvaria

1. 
   

2. frontal

3. parietal

4. temporal

5. occipital

6. sphenoid

Name the bones that make up the facial bones

1. nasal (nose)

2. lacrimal (tear drainage)

3. zygomatic (cheeks)

4. maxilla (upper jaw)

5. mandible (lower jaw)

Orbicularis oculi

Повіки

Orbicularis oris

Mouth

Name all vertebrae

1. cervical 7

2. thoracic 12

3. lumbar 5

4. sacrum 1

5. coccyx 1

Interverbal discs

Joins between vertebrae

Name all types of ribs

• true ribs 7

• false ribs 3

• floating ribs 2

Sternum

Front bone of the chest (what ribs connect to)

Sternocleidomastoids

Muscles that allow you push your head to your chest

Erector spinae muscles

Muscles of the back that allow you to stay upward

Name muscles of the abdomen

• external oblique

• internal oblique

• transversus abdominis

Linea alba (white line)

Line where muscles of the abdominal region meet

Rectus abdomini

Six pack

Bones that make up pectoral gridle

clavicle and scapula

Muscles that make up the pectoral gridle

• pectoralis major

• pectoralis minor

• serratus anterior

• trapezius

• latissimus dorsi

• teres major

• levator scapulae

• rhomboid muscles

Joints that make up the pectoral gridle

• Sternoclavicular

• acromioclavicular

Scapulohumeral region

Shoulder

Muscles of the scapulohumeral region

• subscapularis

• supraspinatus

• infraspinatus

• teres minor

• deltoid

Bones of the upper limb

• humerus

• radius

• ulna

Wrist (carpus) and past carpals:

• scaphoid

• lunate

• triquetrum

• pisiform

• trapezium

• trapezoid

• capitate

• hamate

“She likes to play try to catch her”

• metacarpals

• phalanges

Muscles of the upper limb

• coracobrachialis

• biceps brachii

• brachialis

• triceps brachii

• flexor-pronator group

• extensor-supinator group

• brachioradialis

• thenar

• hypothenar

• interossei

• lumbrical

Joints of the upper limb

• Shoulder joint
  humeroradial

• humeroulnar

• proximal radioulnar joint

• radiocarpal joint

• midcarpal

• intercarpal

• carpometacarpal

• intermetacarpal

• metacarpophalangeal (MCP)

• interphalangeal

Bones of pelvic gridle

• hip bones (ilium, pubis, ischium)

• acetabulum

Muscles of pelvic gridle

• iliopsoas

• psoas minor

• gluteus maximus

• gluteus medius

• gluteus minimus

• tensor faciae latae

• iliotibial band

Joints of the pelvic gridle

• pubic symphysis

• sacroiliac joint

Bones of the lower limb

• femur

• patella

• tibia

• fibula

• tarsus (ankle)

• talus

• calcaneus

• navicular

• cuboid

• cuneiforms

• metatarsals

Muscles of the lower limb

• quadriceps femoris

• startorius

• pectineus

• adductor longus

• adductor brevis

• adductor magnus

• gracilis

• hamstrings

• tibialis anterior

• fibularis longus

• fibularis brevis

• gastrocnemius

• soleus

• plantaris

• flexor hallucis longus

• flexor digitorum longus

• tibialis posterior

• popliteus

Joints of the lower limb

• hip joint

• knee joint

• menisci

• anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

• lateral and medial collateral ligaments

• ankle joint

• transverse tarsal joint