Anatomy 1 Lecture Unit 1

Define Anatomy

The study of the structure of body parts and their relationship with one another

Define Physiology

The study of the function of body parts; how they work to carry out life sustaining activities

Define the Chemical level

The atoms that make up the body combine to form Biological molecules

The biological molecules of the body are used to build…..

Cells and cellular structures

Define the cellular level

When Collections of cells work together to form tissues

Define a tissue

A group of related cells working together to form a common function

Define the tissue level

When different types of tissues work together to form organs

Define a organ

A collection of tissues that form a body structure specialized to carry out a specific set of a complex physiological function

Define a organ system

A group of organs that work together to regulate or perform one or more physiological functions

The eleven organ systems depend on_____ to produce the living thing

Each other

Define Specialization

When the complex organization of the body allows cells to change their structure in order to become optimized for one or just a few functions

Define the function of maintaining boundaries?

Seperating the internal environment from the external environment outside

Define the function of movement

Physical movement of the organism

Define the Function of responsiveness

The ability to sense change in the bodies internal or external environment

The ability to then adapt to those changes

Define the function of digestion

The breakdown of food and nutrients into a form that can be absorbed and used by the body

Define the function of metabolism

The body requires chemical reaction to make energy and use that energy to perform its functions

Define the function of excretion

The removal of waste products produced by metabolism

Define the function of growth

Building new body structures

Changing the shape and or size of structures

Repairing or replacing Broken/damaged structures

Define Homeostasis

The physiological function that oversees all others and is when our bodies does its best to keep the internal environment of the body constant

Define homeostatic control systems

Systems that out bodies have 100s of that Constantly monitor the environment of the body

What are the 2 things that homeostatic systems constantly do?

Sense the internal/external environment of the body

Make adjustments in the bodies function to keep the body at or near it set points

Homeostatic control is a kind of…

Dynamic steady state

Define Dynamic

Constantly in motion

Define Steady state

Has an avg value

Physiological Systems in homeostasis fluctuate around a….

Setpoint

Define a setpoint

An avg value for any bodily functions

Define a Receptor

A body structure that is able to sense a stimulus

Define a Stimulus

Any change in the internal or external environment that can be detected by a receptor

The incoming signal from the receptor sends the stimulus to the…..

Controller

Define Controller

The body Structure that receives the incoming signal about the stimulus

After processing the incoming signal the controller sends a outgoing signal to the….

Effector

Define Effector

The part of the body that carries the bodies response

The signal that the effector receives….

Tells it what kind of response to perform

Define a negative feedback loop

The most common type of homeostatic feedback loop, returns the body closer to equalibrium (Sweating)

Insulin is an example of when….

Homeostatic signals that involve chemical signals have the same receptor and controller

what is the advantage of a negative feedback loop

It self regulates

Define A positive feedback loop

Much less common and the response amplifies the stimulus