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APAH South and Southeast Vocab
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1
Ashlar masonry
Carefully cut and grooved stones that support a building without the use of concrete or other kinds of masonry.
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2
Axis-mundi
Axis that connects heaven and earth.
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3
Buddha
Founder of Buddhism; multiple forms; has achieved full enlightenment.
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4
Bulbous
Describes a dome that is fat or bulging at the bottom before tapering inwards slightly.
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5
Cenotaph
An empty tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person.
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6
Chahar bagh
"Fourfold garden"; a garden often divided into quarters by divisions of water.
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7
Chamfered corner
A flattened corner of two buildings, often at 45 degrees.
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8
Chhatri
Elevated, domed tower.
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9
Corbelled arch
Constructed by offsetting successive courses of stone so that they project towards the archway's center, meeting at the apex.
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10
Embryo room
The central most room in a Hindu shrine, housing the deity’s statue and considered the deity’s dwelling place.
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11
Hasht Bihisht
Specific type of floorplan in Mughal architecture with 8 chambers surrounding a central room.
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12
Iwan
A vaulted room opening to a courtyard in Islamic architecture.
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13
Jali
Perforated and decorated screen, usually with calligraphic or geometric ornamentation.
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14
Maithuna
Depictions of couples explicitly engaged in sexual intercourse.
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15
Mausoleum
A building that contains tombs.
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16
Miniature
Small paintings on paper, prized for their detail and precision.
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17
Mughals
Islamic rulers in India, known for opulence and extravagance.
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18
Nimbus
A circle or oval shape surrounding a religious figure, representing spiritual light or glory.
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19
Panchayatana
Hindu temple where the main shrine is surrounded by four smaller shrines.
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20
Pietra dura
Inlay technique of using cut and fitted, highly polished colored stones to create images.
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21
Shiva
The Hindu god of destruction.
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22
Stupa
A dome-shaped Buddhist shrine.
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23
Tantric
Referring to transcendence; often describes deeply meditative and intimate sexual activity.
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24
Torana
A gateway near a stupa with two upright posts and three horizontal lintels, usually elaborately carved.
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25
Urna
Red dot on the forehead of Buddhist figures.
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26
Ushnisha
Top-knot on the top of Buddha’s head, referencing a humble crown.
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27
Vishnu
The Hindu god of preservation.
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28
Wat
A Buddhist monastery or temple in Cambodia.
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29
Yakshi
Female and male fertility figures in Buddhist and Hindu art.
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