Bridge Course for First Semester - Education Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering core concepts, acts, agents of socialization, psychological theories, philosophers, and current leaders from the First Semester Education Bridge Course.

Educare

A Latin word from which education is derived, meaning 'to bring up'.

Educere

A Latin word from which education is derived, meaning 'to draw out'.

Education

The lifelong process of acquiring knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits that enables the holistic development of an individual's physical, mental, and social abilities.

Formal Education

Highly structured, systematic, and chronologically graded education provided by certified institutions like schools and universities.

Informal Education

Unstructured learning that happens naturally through daily life, family, community, peers, and personal experiences.

Non-Formal Education

Organized and systematic educational activities outside the traditional framework, such as adult literacy programs, coding bootcamps, and distance learning.

Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act

An act enacted by the Indian Parliament in 2009 that mandates free and compulsory education for all children between the ages of 6 and 14 in India.

86th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002

An amendment to the Indian Constitution that inserted Article 21A, explicitly making education a fundamental right.

Article 21A

An article inserted into the Indian Constitution by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002 that explicitly makes education a fundamental right.

Socialization

The process through which individuals learn the norms and ideologies of their society.

Family (Agent of Socialization)

The primary agent of socialization and a child's first teachers, responsible for instilling basic values, language, and cultural norms.

School (Agent of Socialization)

A secondary agent of socialization that introduces formal rules, authority structures, and hidden curriculums such as punctuality and obedience.

Peer Groups

An agent of socialization that teaches cooperation, conflict resolution, and social identities outside adult supervision.

Mass Media

An agent of socialization that influences worldviews, trends, and societal expectations through books, the internet, and television.

Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE)

A paradigm shift introduced by CBSE to evaluate both scholastic and co-scholastic aspects of a student's growth.

Continuous (in CCE)

Assessment that is a regular, ongoing, year-round process (Formative & Summative) rather than a one-time year-end exam.

Comprehensive (in CCE)

Assessment covering cognitive (academic), psychomotor (sports/arts), and affective (attitudes/values) domains.

Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE)

Care and education aimed at children from birth to 8 years old, using play-based, activity-based, and inquiry-based learning methodologies.

Motivation

The internal psychological process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors.

Intrinsic Motivation

Engaging in a behavior because it is personally rewarding or interesting, driven by internal factors such as passion, curiosity, mastery, and autonomy.

Extrinsic Motivation

Engaging in a behavior to earn a reward or avoid punishment, driven by external factors such as grades, trophies, praise, or money.

Intelligence

A complex construct broadly defined as the ability to acquire knowledge, reason logically, adapt to new situations, and solve novel problems.

Theory of Multiple Intelligences

A theory proposed by Howard Gardner suggesting distinct types of intelligence, including linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, and intrapersonal.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A motivation theory proposed by Abraham Maslow stating that human needs progress from basic physiological survival to ultimate self-actualization.

Edward Thorndike

Known as the father of modern educational psychology, who introduced the theory of Connectionism and demonstrated trial and error learning using a puzzle box with cats.

Connectionism

A theory introduced by Edward Thorndike stating that learning is the result of associations forming between stimuli and responses.

Law of Readiness

One of Thorndike's laws of learning stating that learning happens best when the learner is prepared to learn.

Law of Exercise

One of Thorndike's laws of learning stating that practice strengthens the connection between stimulus and response.

Law of Effect

One of Thorndike's laws of learning stating that behaviors followed by positive consequences are more likely to be repeated.

Sigmund Freud

The founder of psychoanalysis who proposed the structural model of the psyche and psychosexual stages of development.

Id

The component of Freud's structural model of the psyche representing primitive, pleasure-seeking instincts.

Ego

The component of Freud's structural model of the psyche acting as the rational, reality-based mediator.

Superego

The component of Freud's structural model of the psyche representing the moral compass and internalized societal rules.

John Dewey

A pragmatist philosopher who stated 'Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself' and advocated for experiential, hands-on learning.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

A naturalist philosopher who believed children should learn naturally from their environment, untouched by the corrupting influences of strict society.

Plato

An idealist philosopher who saw education as the mechanism to discover truth and develop a just society.

Mahatma Gandhi (Educational Philosophy)

Defined education as 'an all-round drawing out of the best in child and man-body, mind and spirit' and advocated for Nai Talim (education through craft/work).

Nai Talim

An educational approach advocated by Mahatma Gandhi emphasizing education through craft and work.

Swami Vivekananda (Educational Philosophy)

Defined education as 'the manifestation of the perfection already in man' and focused on character-building and self-realization.

Rabindranath Tagore

A philosopher who believed in education in harmony with nature and established Shantiniketan.

Pralhad Joshi

The Union Minister of Education of India appointed on July 25, 2026, who is a five-time Lok Sabha MP from the Dharwad constituency in Karnataka.

Dharmendra Pradhan

Predecessor to Pralhad Joshi as Union Minister of Education who resigned following protests and controversies over competitive examination irregularities.

Lahkmen Rymbui

The Education Minister of Meghalaya belonging to the United Democratic Party (UDP) representing the Amlarem (ST) constituency.