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Tang Dynasty
Period of cultural and economic prosperity in China.
Charlemagne
Crowned emperor by Pope Leo III in 800.
Heian Period
Era of significant literary contributions by women in Japan.
Serfs
Peasants tied to the land in feudal Europe.
Third Crusade
Richard I led efforts to reclaim Jerusalem from Muslims.
Great Wall
Constructed for protection of unified China under Wendi.
Song Dynasty
Period marked by agricultural and trade encouragement.
Chinese Poetry
Flourished under Tang Dynasty with poets like Li Bai.
Motte-and-Bailey
Earliest type of medieval castle design.
Turret
Tower for castle guards to defend against attackers.
Moat
Water-filled ditch providing protection for castles.
Knights
Fighters serving lords, defending castles in feudalism.
Manor Economy
Self-sufficient estates central to early medieval life.
Canon Law
Church laws governing all, including kings and peasants.
Pope Urban II
Called for the First Crusade to reclaim the Holy Land.
Concordat of Worms
Agreement granting church authority to appoint bishops.
Magna Carta
Document limiting the powers of King John in England.
Black Death
Plague killing over one-third of Europe's population.
Hundred Years' War
Conflict over feudal possessions between England and France.
Joan of Arc
Led French to victories during the Hundred Years' War.
Scholasticism
Blend of Greek philosophy and Christian theology.
Roger Bacon
Pioneer of scientific method through experimentation.
Gothic Cathedrals
Architectural style aimed at inspiring thoughts of God.
William I
Conquered England in 1066, established the Domesday Book.
Louis IX
Reformed French court system for equal justice.
Common Law
Uniform legal system established by Henry II in England.
Vikings
Invaders from Scandinavia, settled parts of Europe.
Leif Erikson
First European to reach North America.
Christian Unity in Spain
Developed during wars against Muslim control.
