Central Neurotransmitters, CNS Stimulants, Sedative Hypnotics

Chemicals that take a nerve signal across the synaptic gap between a sending neuron, and a receiving one.

a. Hormones

b. Ganglions

c. Neurotransmitter

d. Neuron transporter

c. Neurotransmitter

Excitatory neurotransmitter.

I. Depolarization

II. Positively charge

III. Na+ channel opening

IV. Stimulation

V. Contraction

a. I, II, III, IV, V

b. I, II, III

c. II, III, IV

d. I, II, III, IV

e. II, III, IV, V

a. I, II, III, IV, V

Inhibitory neurotransmitter.

I. Hyperpolarization

II. Negatively charge

III. Cl- channel opening

IV. Depression

V. Relaxation

a. I, II, III, IV, V

b. I, II, III

c. II, III, IV

d. I, II, III, IV

e. II, III, IV, V

a. I, II, III, IV, V

Excitatory neurotransmitter except:

a. Ach

b. NE

c. EPI

d. Glutamate

e. 5-HT

f. Glycine

f. Glycine

Major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.

a. Ach

b. NE

c. EPI

d. Glutamate

e. 5-HT

d. Glutamate

Inhibitory neurotransmitters.

a. GABA

b. Glycine

c. EPI

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

d. a and b

Major inhibitory transmitter in the brain.

a. GABA

b. Glycine

c. 5HT

d. Dopamine

a. GABA

Major inhibitory transmitter in the spinal cord.

a. GABA

b. Glycine

c. 5HT

d. Dopamine

b. Glycine

Neurotransmitter that has both stimulatory and inhibitory action.

a. GABA

b. Glycine

c. 5HT

d. Dopamine

d. Dopamine

CNS stimulants effect except:

a. Arousal effect

b. Awake

c. Driven

d. Mental focus

e. None

e. None

CNS stimulants classifications.

a. Psychomotor stimulants

b. Convulsants and respiratory stimulants

c. Psychotomimetic stimulants

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

CNS stimulants with sympathomimetic effects.

a. Psychomotor stimulants

b. Convulsants and respiratory stimulants

c. Psychotomimetic stimulants

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. Psychomotor stimulants

CNS stimulants with hallucinogenic effects.

a. Psychomotor stimulants

b. Convulsants and respiratory stimulants

c. Psychotomimetic stimulants

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

c. Psychotomimetic stimulants

Psychomotor stimulants except:

a. Methylxanthines

b. Cocaine

c. Nicotine

d. Methylphenidate

e. Nikethamide

f. None

e. Nikethamide - this is CONVULSANTS AND RESPIRATORY STIMULANTS

Methylxanthines.

a. Inhibit Phosphodiesterase

b. Increase Ca2+ permeability

c. Block adenosine receptor through reticular formation

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

Methylxanthines effects except:

a. Decrease fatigue and increase mental awareness, anxiety, and tremors

b. Positive inotropic and chronotropic effects

c. Diuresis acting in the PCT

d. Secretion of HCl from the gastric mucosa

e. None

e. None

Caffeine

a. Combined with aspirin

b. Combined with paracetamol

c. Enhance analgesia

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

Saridon

Rexidol

a. Aspirin + Caffeine

b. Paracetamol + Caffeine

c. Mefenamic acid + Caffeine

b. Paracetamol + Caffeine

Methylxanthine indicated for bronchial asthma.

a. Caffeine

b. Theophylline

c. Theobromine

d. All

b. Theophylline

Convulsants and respiratory stimulants.

a. Doxapram

b. Nikethamide

c. LSD

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

d. a and b

LSD is psychotomimetic drug.

Psychotomimetic stimulants.

a. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

b. Phencyclidine (PCP)

c. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

I. Interacts with several 5-HT receptors in the brain

II. Hallucinations with brilliant colors and mood alteration

III. Long lasting psychosis

a. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

b. Phencyclidine (PCP)

c. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

a. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

I. Angel dust

II. Inhibits reuptake of DA, 5-HT and NE

III. Analog of Ketamine that produces dissociative anesthesia

a. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

b. Phencyclidine (PCP)

c. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

b. Phencyclidine (PCP)

I. Main alkaloid in Marijuana

II. Produces euphoria followed by drowsiness and relaxation

III. MOA is unknown.

a. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

b. Phencyclidine (PCP)

c. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

c. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Sedative-hypnotics.

a. Induce sedation at low dose

b. Induce hypnosis or sleep at high dose

c. Drugs for anxiety disorders

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

Sedative-hypnotics uses except:

a. Calming effect

b. Induction of sleep

c. Hypnosis

d. Anxiolytics

e. All

f. None

f. None

Sedative-hypnotics agents

I. Benzodiazepines and Barbiturates

II. Orexin Antagonist

III. Melatonin Antagonist

IV. Zolpidem, Zaleplon, Eszopiclone

V. Buspirone

a. I, II, III, IV, V

b. I, II, III, IV

c. II, III, IV, V

d. I, II, III

e. III, IV, V

a. I, II, III, IV, V

Benzodiazepines.

I. Induce hyperpolarization

II. GABAergics

III. Increase frequency of Cl- channel opening

IV. Include the -zolam, -zepam, -zep-

a. I, II,

b. I, II, IV

c. II, III, IV

d. I, II, III, IV

d. I, II, III, IV

Short acting (2-8 hours) benzodiazepines except:

a. Lorazepam

b. Oxazepam

c. Midazolam

d. Triazolam

e. None

a. Lorazepam - this is intermediate acting

Intermediate acting (10-20 hours) benzodiazepines except:

a. Lorazepam

b. Alprazolam

c. Temazepam

d. Estazolam

e. None

e. None

Long acting benzodiazepines.

I. Chlordiazepoxide

II. Chlorazepate

III. Diazepam

IV. Flurazepam

V. Quazepam

VI. Nordazepam

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

b. I, II, III,

c. IV, V, VI

d. I, II, III, IV, V

e. II, III, IV, V, VI

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

Nordazepam is active metabolite of

a. Diazepam

b. Chlordiazepoxide

c. Chlorazepate

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

Barbiturates.

I. Induce hyperpolarization

II. GABAergics

III. Increase duration of Cl- channel opening

IV. Include the -barbital, -bital, -tal

a. I, II,

b. I, II, IV

c. II, III, IV

d. I, II, III, IV

d. I, II, III, IV

Ultrashort-acting barbiturates.

I. Phenobarbital

II. Barbital

III. Amobarbital

IV. Butabarbital

V. Pentobarbital

VI. Hexobarbital

VII. Secobarbital

VIII. Thiopental

a. I, II

b. III, IV

c. V, VI, VIII

d. VIII

e. I, VIII

d. VIII

Short-acting barbiturates.

I. Phenobarbital

II. Barbital

III. Amobarbital

IV. Butabarbital

V. Pentobarbital

VI. Hexobarbital

VII. Secobarbital

VIII. Thiopental

a. I, II

b. III, IV

c. V, VI, VII

d. VIII

e. I, VIII

c. V, VI, VII

Intermediate-acting barbiturates.

I. Phenobarbital

II. Barbital

III. Amobarbital

IV. Butabarbital

V. Pentobarbital

VI. Hexobarbital

VII. Secobarbital

VIII. Thiopental

a. I, II

b. III, IV

c. V, VI, VIII

d. VIII

e. I, VIII

b. III, IV

Long-acting barbiturates.

I. Phenobarbital

II. Barbital

III. Amobarbital

IV. Butabarbital

V. Pentobarbital

VI. Hexobarbital

VII. Secobarbital

VIII. Thiopental

a. I, II

b. III, IV

c. V, VI, VIII

d. VIII

e. I, VIIIP

a. I, II

Pharmacological effects of benzodiazepines and barbiturates except:

I. Sedation with anterograde amnesia effect

II. Hypnosis at high doses which can affect the sleep-wake cycle

III. Anesthesia for the attainment of stage III of general ansthesia

IV. Anticonvulsant

V. Muscle relaxation

VI. Respiratory depression

VII. Depression in myocardial contractility and vascular tone

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII

b. I, II, III, IV, V,

c. III, IV, V, VI, VII

d. I, II, III, IV,

e. IV, V, VI, VII

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII

Oxerin antagonist.

a. Sleep enabling agents

b. Almorexant

c. Suvorexant

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

Antidote for benzodiazepine toxicity.

a. Barbiturates

b. Flumazenil

c. Protamine sulfate

d. Leucovorin

e. Methadone

b. Flumazenil

Melatonin antagonists

a. Ramelteon

b. Tasimelteon

c. Buspirone

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

d. a and b

Non-BZD GABAergics which increase the frequency of Cl- channel opening.

a. Zolpidem

b. Zaleplon

c. Eszopiclone

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

Partial 5HT1A agonist.

a. Zolpidem

b. Zaleplon

c. Eszopiclone

d. Ramelteon

e. Tasimelteon

f. Buspirone

f. Buspirone