Parenting Styles and Development Theories Flashcards

Flashcards about parenting Styles and Development Theories

Authoritarian Parenting Style

Strict rules, high expectations, little warmth or flexibility; obedience is key.

Permissive Parenting Style

Few rules, lots of warmth and indulgence, little discipline or control.

Authoritative Parenting Style

Balanced approach with clear rules and expectations, but also warmth, support, and flexibility.

Cognition

Mental processes like thinking, knowing, remembering, and problem-solving.

Schema

Mental framework for organizing and interpreting information.

Assimilation

Fitting new information into existing schemas.

Accommodation

Changing schemas to fit new information.

Object Permanence

Understanding that objects continue to exist even when not seen (develops in sensorimotor stage).

Conservation

Understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape (develops in concrete operational stage).

Egocentrism

Difficulty seeing things from another's perspective (common in preoperational stage).

Sensorimotor Stage

Learn through senses and actions; object permanence develops. (0–2 years)

Preoperational Stage

Use symbols and language; egocentric thinking; lacks conservation. (2–7 years)

Concrete Operational Stage

Logical thinking about concrete events; conservation and classification develop. (7–11 years)

Formal Operational Stage

Abstract, hypothetical, and systematic thinking develops. (12+ years)

Preconventional Morality

Based on consequences (punishment/reward); right and wrong determined by what is punished or rewarded.

Conventional Morality

Based on social rules and laws; morality means pleasing others and following rules to maintain order.

Postconventional Morality

Based on personal ethics and universal principles; individuals may break rules that conflict with moral principles.

Trust vs. Mistrust

Learn to trust caregivers. (Infancy)

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Learn independence and control. (Toddler)

Initiative vs. Guilt

Begin to take initiative in play and tasks. (Preschool)

Industry vs. Inferiority

Learn to be competent and productive. (School Age)

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Form a personal identity. (Adolescence)

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Form deep relationships. (Young Adult)

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Contribute to society and help the next generation. (Middle Adulthood)

Integrity vs. Despair

Reflect on life with a sense of fulfillment or regret. (Late Adulthood)