8.1

types of organisms

photoautotrophs, heterotrophs, chemoautotrophs

photoauthrophs

plants, algae, cyanabacteria- use sunlight to make their own food

heterotrophs

animals, fungi - rely on photoautotrophs for energy

chemoautotrophs

some bacteria - use inorganic chemicals instead of sunlight to make sugars

leaves

main site of photosynthesis, especially in the mesophyll layer

stomata

pores on leaf undersides for gas exchange (CO2 in, O2 out)

guard cells

control stomata opening/closing to regulate water loss

chloroplast

organelles where photosynthesis occurs

thylakoids

disk-shaped structures containing chlorophyll (light-absorbing pigment)

grana

stacks os thylakoids

stroma

fluid surrounding grana, where sugar synthesis occurs

2 stages of photosynthesis

light-dependent reactions, light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle)

light dependent reactions

occur in the thylakoid membrane. Use sunlight to make ATP and NADPH

light independent reactions (Calvin cycle)

occur in the stroma, 3 cycles, use ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 into G3P (sugar)