SPANISH PERIOD

Spanish Colonial (1521-1898)

Style and Culture Religious Art, Lowland Christian Art or Folk art

Plaza complex

The complex was designed as the town center and consisted of the municipio or local government office and church.

Cruciform churches

following the shape of the Latin cross churches were built.

Baroque style

Characterized by grandeur, drama, elaborate details that purposely appealed to the emotions. Seen in San Agustin Church in Manila, Morong Church in Rizal, Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte and Sto. Tomas de Villanueva Church in Miag-ao Ilo-Ilo.

Colonial baroque or philippine/tropical baroque

fusion of both native and european elements

adobe, limestone or brick and the construction of thick buttresses wing-like projections

The use of ____________ reinforce the church structure to make it more resistant to Earthquakes.

Santos

From Western model to Chinese features and techniques with Greek and Roman classical influence.

Greek and Roman classical influence is seen in the proportion and formality of expression of a santo and baroque style in the expressive and emotional characteristics of the

Retablo

Integrates architecture and sculpture and is often embellisehed with rosettes, scrolls, pediments and solomonic columns which may be gilded or polychromed.

Via crucis

series of 14 paintings or relief structures depicting Christ's crucifixion resurrection.

Trompe I’oeil

a French word meaning “fooling the eye” it refers to painting that give a heightened illusion of three- dimensionality

Relleves

Carved figurative protusions.

Plateria

organic designs of hammered silver.

Pipe organ, violen, guitar, piano

western musical instruments

Catholic liturgical music (Juan Rodriguez Angel)

Introduced in 1742 by the then Archbishop of Manila

Marcelo Adonay (1848-1928).

The Santo Domingo and San Agustin convents taught choral music to young boys including Filipino composers like _____________

Pasyon or Pabasa

Biblical narration of Christ's passion chanted in improvised melody.

Awit and Corrido

Musical forms were chanted stories based on European Literature and history

Balitao

Sentimental love songs

Kundiman

usually spoke of resignation and fatalism became a vehicle for resistance.

Kundiman ni Abdon

a kundiman which became a feature of protests actions against Martial Law and Bayan Ko.

Among Mangyans of Mindoro bamboo poles

are turn into smaller nodes and are etched with Baybayin used to compose short poems of courtship and emotional concerns.

In Ticao Leyte

a huge stone was discovered that contained baybayin writing believed to be an invocation for a safe journey by sea.

Processions

Earliest forms of theater were replaced by the pomp and pageantry of religious processions complete with embellished carrozas containing religious tableaus of Catholic saints and scenes from the Bible.

Zarzuela

A popular form of  musical theater from Spain imported during the 19th century it is an opera which feautes singing and dancing interspersed with prose dialogue which allowed the story to be carried out in song.

Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan

are the most distinguished playwrights of their day

Honorata “Atang” dela Rama (

queen of kundiman and national Artist for Theater and Music,awarded 1987 as their most celebrated leading actress

Severino Reyes

father of filipino plays

Hermogenes Ilagan

father of philippine zarzuela

Senakulo in 1704 by Gaspar Aquino de Belen

Written ___________ its narrative was culled entirely from the Biblical account of Christ's passion and death on the cross adapted into verse form and translated into local language.

Komedya

Depicts the conflict between the Muslims and Christians.

1. Komedya de Santo or Religious Komedya

1st komedya

Secular Komedya

-Moro-moro

Cariñosa, Pandanggo sa Ilaw

Folk music and dance 1-2

Polka, Danza, Riodon

Folk music and dance 3-5

Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas or Velarde map

The first scientific map of the Philippines

Fr. Pedro Murillo Velarde, artist Francisco Suarez and engraver Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay 

In 1734 the jesuit priest ____________ collaborated with ________to make Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas they were the first to acknowledge their role as artist.

Laureano Atlas and Felipe Sevilla

who produced religious images

Flora de Filipinas

an extensive compilation of Philippine plants by Augustinian botanist Fr. Manuel Blanco

Heaven, Earth, and Hell (1850)

a mural by Jose Dans in Paete Church Laguna

Two versions of San Cristobal

visual art spanish era

Basi Revolt Esteban Villanueva

1807 revolt of the Ilocano against the government monopoly over basi, the local sugarcane wine.

international trade and the Suez Canal in 1869

The opening of Manila to ___________ gained economic benefits for the native elites.

music

development inside the church through Marcelo Adonay and his compositions based on the Western tradition.

Viriña

a bell shaped glass where santos are placed

Uma

a humble domestic version of retablo often attributed to the artists of Visayan region

Bahay na bato and paintings

The rise of new elite in art

Miniaturist style

meticulous details that signify the wealth and refinement of the sitter.

Antonio Malantic, Isidro Arceo, Dionisio De Castro, and Justiniano Asuncion .

some artist that has minituarist style

Letras y Figuras

combining names of individuals and vignettes of everyday life 

In 1821 Damian Domingo, Academia de Dibujo,

__________ established the first art school in the country right at his studio in Binondo Manila, ____________ which eventually became absorbed by Real Sociedad Economica Filipina de Amigos del Pais where he serve as director

chiaroscuro

or the play of light and the dark and the contrast between them to heighten the compositon's sense of drama.

Juan Luna

won gold for Spoliarium in Madrid Exposition.

Felix Hidalgo

won silver for Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho in Madrid Exposition.

Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho

currently on long-term loan to National Art Gallery in Singapore is a part of the Metropolitan Museum of Manila or MET Collection

España y Filipinas

is at the Lopez Museum

Genre Paintings

Painting of scenes from everyday life of ordinary people in work or recreation, depicted in a generally realistic manner.

Primeras Letras (1890)

Simon Flores