APUSH Unit 5 I.D. Terms

Wilmot Proviso

Called for a ban on slavery in any U.S. territories gained from Mexico in the Mexican-American war. Further agitated the debate over slavery, convincing Southerners that the North's true goal was abolition.

Seneca Falls Convention

Considered as the first women's rights meeting. Advocated for women's political, social, civil, and religious rights.

William Lloyd Garrison

Founder of The Liberator, created the American Anti-Slavery society, advocated for women's rights and believed the constitution was a pact with the devil.

Fredrick Douglas

Escaped slave from Maryland and became one of the leading anti-slavery advocates. Started the abolitionist newspaper The North Star and believed the consitution could be used as a tool to end slavery.

Manifest Destiny

Referenced God wanting the U.S. to spread democracy and capitalism. Used to help justify the removal or extermination of the Native American population and helped start the Mexican-American war.

Homestead Act

Encouraged westward migration and settlement by paying a $10 registration fee and agreeing to work the land for five years. Further promoted conflict with the Native American tribes and Western settlers.

John C. Calhoun

Secretary of war, Vice President to Andrew Jackson, strongest advocate in the senate for the doctrine of nullification, member of the war hawks, and led the South Carolina secessionist movement during the tariff nullification crisis.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Drafted by Stephen Douglas, it repealed the Missouri Compromise and opened up territories to slavery. It also paved way for the transcontinental railroad in the North and fueled sectional tension between the North and the South.

Hiram Revels

First black Senator in the United States, elected from Mississippi in 1870 and was part of the initial success of reconstruction.

The Emancipation Proclamation

Declared all slaves in the rebelling states to be free, (excluding Virginia and Louisiana which were under union control). Changed the basis of the war from saving the union to ending slavery.

Freedman's Bureau

Government agency created with the purpose of providing freedom to ex-slaves. Provided them with food, clothing, medical, care, shelter, education, land, etc.

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Sued for his freedom on the basis that he had been taken to a free territory and a free state. Court ruled that he was still a slave and that the Missouri Compromise line was unconstitutional.

The Compromise of 1850

Result of the acquisition of the southwest U.S. in the Mexican-American war. It admitted California as a free state, allowed for popular soveriegnty in Utah and New Mexico, outlawed slave trade, and created a tougher fugitive slave law.

J.D.B DeBow

His writings shaped Southern economic thinking heading into the Civil War, wanted to modernize the South so that they wouldn't be reliant on the North for manufactured goods, and reinforced pro-slavery arguements and secessionist ideology.

Anthony Burns

Runaway slave, his case sparked outrage in the North and the South because the North thought that the federal government was protecting slavery and the South thought they were trying to deny their right to own slaves.

John Brown

Radical abolitionist who that that slavery should be ended through violent means. He attacked a settlement in Pottawatomie and killed 5 people, found guilty and hanged.

Ostend Manifesto

Diplomatic document stating that if Spain didn't sell Cuba to the US, the US could take it for national security reasons. Eventually leaked to the public, making the North thinking President Pierce was a pro-slavery president.

Slave Power Conspiracy

Northern politcal belief that Southern slaveholders held influential government power beyond what their numbers in government should allow for.

Hinton Rowan Helper

Southern author who wrote "The Impending Crisis of the South" which critizes slavery for its poor economic effect rather than the moral effect, it was claimed in the North and banned in the South.

The Freeport Doctrine

Stated that a territory could determine whether or not they wanted slavery based on Popular Soveriegnty, Southerners did not like because it meaned it could be banned in Southern states that previously had slavery.

The Crittenden Compromise

Proposed a reinstating in the Missouri Compromise line and extending it to the Pacific. Also proposed a federal compensation for runaway slaves and a federal promise to never abolish slavery. The compromise failed.

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction 1863 (10% Plan)

An idea to reconstruct Southern states that had been conquered by Northern troops. Allowed states to rejoin the union when 10% pledged to loyalty. With this, slaves would be emancipated and provisions would be taken for black eduaction.

Wade-Davis Bill (50% plan)

Made by Radical Republicans and called for 50% of the Southern Society to commit to voluntarily support the Confederacy. However it was vetoed be Lincoln, and showed the different views between Lincoln and the Radical Republicans.

13th Amendment

Made slavery and involuntary servitude illegal except in the punishment of crime.

14th Amendment

States that all people born in the United States AND not subject to a foriegn power are citizens of the US. Written to give free blacks the rights they deserve and served as a repeal of the Dred Scott case.

15th Amendment

The federal government nor states can deny a person the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Black Codes

Specifically designed to restrict freedoms on newly freed slaves such as the restriction of owning property, moving freely, making contracts, etc. Made to have blacks dependent on the whites and was a reason for the necessity of Reconstruction.

Jim Crow Laws

Established racial segregation throughout the South and would be ruled consitutional in the Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson 1896. Lasted until Civil Rights movement of the 1950's and 60's.

The Compromise of 1877

Name given to presidental election of 1876. 20 disputed electoral votes are given to Hayes but federal troops are pulled out of the South, establishing the Home Rule and allowing the South to end Reconstruction.