DHG 220 Oral Pharmacology Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards based on the DHG 220 Oral Pharmacology exam 1 study guide.

Pharmacology

The study of drugs and their effects on the body.

Chemical Name

The name of a drug that describes its chemical structure.

Trade/Brand Name

The proprietary name of a drug, assigned by the manufacturer.

Generic Name

The nonproprietary name of a drug, usually a simplified version of the chemical name.

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to cause defects in a developing fetus.

Package Insert

The official prescribing information for a drug, provided by the manufacturer and approved by the FDA.

Black Box Warning

A serious adverse reaction must be prominently displayed on the package insert.

Labeled Use

The use of a drug for an indication approved by the FDA.

Off-Label Use

The use of a drug for an indication that is not approved by the FDA.

Orphan Drug

A drug developed to treat a rare medical condition.

Drug Recall

The action taken to remove a drug from the market due to safety concerns or defects.

Potency

The amount of drug required to produce a specific effect.

Efficacy

The maximum effect of a drug, regardless of dose.

TI (Therapeutic Index)

A ratio that compares the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes the therapeutic effect to the amount that causes toxicity.

Therapeutic Effect

The desired or intended effect of a drug.

Adverse Effect

An undesirable or unintended effect of a drug.

Agonist

A drug that binds to a receptor and produces an effect.

Antagonist

A drug that binds to a receptor and blocks the effect of an agonist.

Competitive Antagonist

A drug that binds reversibly to the same receptor site as the agonist.

Noncompetitive Antagonist

A drug that binds irreversibly to the same receptor site as the agonist.

Physiologic Antagonist

A drug that binds to a different receptor site than the agonist but has the opposite effect.

Pharmacokinetics

The study of how the body processes a drug, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).

Absorption

The process by which a drug enters the intestines.

Distribution

The process by which a drug is transported throughout the body (bloodstream)

Metabolism (Biotransformation)

The process by which a drug is chemically altered in the body (Liver)

Excretion

The process by which a drug is removed from the body (kidney)

Enterohepatic Circulation

The process by which a drug is reabsorbed from the intestine and returned to the liver.

First-Pass Effect

The metabolism of a drug by the liver before it reaches systemic circulation.

Half-Life

The time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the body to decrease by half.

First-Order Kinetics

A constant percentage of drug is eliminated per unit time.

Zero-Order Kinetics

A constant amount of drug is eliminated per unit time.

Adverse Reaction

An undesirable or unintended effect of a drug.

Teratogenic Effect

An adverse effect of a drug on a developing fetus.

Local Effect

An effect of a drug that is limited to the site of administration.

Hypersensitivity (Allergic Reaction)

An exaggerated immune response to a drug.

What are routes other than the kidneys for excretion?

Lungs, bile, GI Tract, sweat, saliva, and breast milks

What are the 3 renal routes of elimination?

Glomerular filtration (most common), active tubular secretion, and passive tubular diffusion

Finish this sentence “Generic substitution provides _________________________

results at a ______________________________________ cost.

Equivalent therapeutic results; lower/cheaper