FUNCTIONALIST VIEW OF CRIME & DEVIANCE BOOKLET 5 (evalution of Cloward and Ohlin)

STARTER - When a crime has been committed, society comes to never condemn the wrong doer, and this reinforces society's moral code. What is this called?

Boundary maintenance

STARTER - Acts of deviance can lead to society doing what for the greater good?

Changing and adapting

STARTER - Who supports the idea that prostitution is a positive function for males?

Kingsley Davis

STARTER - Merton's theory that society wants to achieve the American dream, but some are unable to do this legitimately is known as what?

Strain theory

STARTER - Who explained that working class boys suffer from status frustration?

Cohen

What do Cloward and Ohlin agree with Merton and Cohen on?

That crime is a working class phenomenon and therefore they also ignore the crimes of the wealthy and women

Although they agree with Cohen, that delinquent subcultures are the source of much deviant, how do they explain subcultures?

Separate them into 3 different subcultures (conflict, crime, retreatists)

Why do the crimes of the wealthy go undetected?

They have the power wealth of money to pay them to ignore it, corruption in the justice system, they have the means to make people blow them, commit the crimes, they also are very well educated so they know the system

Why is crime seen as a working class problem?

The only way someone working past people may make a living is to commit crimes for example they are unable to gain employment, fitting into the stereotypes/what is expected, the media also only tends to document working class crimes

How many subcultures does Cloward and Ohlin say you can belong to?

1

In theory have been criticized for being too reactive, why is this?

They explain criminal coaches as a reaction to failure of achieving the mainstream goals

They assume that everyone starts off with the same goals, is this a criticism?

Yes, and yes

An example of someone with a different goal to another person

One person may have a goal to be happy where is another person? May have a goal to be healthy

Miller argues that the lower class has its own independent subculture separate from mainstream subculture, what is this called?

Rebellion (they would jack the means and goals of society and set up their own)

This subculture value success?

No, they don't place any value unsuccess in the first place, so their members are not frustrated by failure

Bella suggest that working class boys were socialized into a number of distinct values, he called these " focal concerns", what did these consist of?

• seeking excitement might lead to non-utilitarian crime

• toughness, smartness and trouble might result in fighting

• autonomy Might lead to people, taking matters into their own hand, rather than asking for help

• fatalism Might mean that they do not consider the consequences of their actions as a future is already written

How does Miller's view go against the functionalist view?

Functionalist agree on the idea of social solidarity and value consensus, the idea of "focal concerns" goes against this

Which gender does Miller only focus on?

Boys

Are Miller's views seen as deterministic?

Yes, as they assume that all males adopt these patterns of behavior