Muscles and Joints Review

These flashcards cover key concepts related to joints and muscles, including definitions, examples, and functions, to help prepare for the upcoming exam.

What is arthrology?

The study of joints.

What is kinesiology?

The study of body movement.

What are non movable joints called?

Synarthritic joints.

What is an example of a synarthritic joint?

Sutures in the skull.

What are slightly movable joints called?

Amphiarthrotic joints.

What is an example of an amphiarthrotic joint?

Pubis synthesis.

What are freely movable joints called?

Diarthrotic joints.

What is another name for freely movable joints?

Synovial joints.

What fluid is found in synovial joints?

Synovial fluid, which contains hyaluronic acid.

What are the components of the elbow joint?

Radial collateral ligament and ulnar collateral ligament.

What ligaments make up the knee joint?

Lateral collateral ligament, medial collateral ligament, ACL, and PCL.

What is the role of a fixator in muscles?

To stabilize the joint.

What are the characteristics of slow twitch muscle fibers?

Red in color, nonfatigable, requires oxygen, splits ATP slowly.

What is a key characteristic of fast twitch A fibers?

Pink in color, faster contraction, uses oxygen and nonoxygen pathways.

What differentiates fast twitch B fibers?

They have fewer capillaries and myoglobins, look white, use nonoxygen pathways.

What type of lever is most abundant in the body?

Third class lever.

What are the muscles around the eye called?

Orbicularis oculi.

What is the function of the masseter muscle?

Elevates and retracts the mandible.

What does the temporalis muscle do?

Elevates and retracts the mandible.

Which muscle opens the mouth?

External lateral pterygoid.

What is the muscle that closes the lips called?

Orbicularis oris.

What does the term 'mastication' refer to?

Chewing.

What are the muscles of mastication?

Temporalis, internal medial pterygoid, masseter, external lateral pterygoid.

What is the big muscle in the neck called?

Sternocleidomastoid muscle.

What does the sternocleidomastoid muscle do when contracting unilaterally?

Rotates the head to the opposite side.

What is a muscle that aids in flexion when both sides contract?

Sternocleidomastoid muscle.

What is arthrology?

The study of joints.

What is kinesiology?

The study of body movement.

What are non movable joints called?

Synarthritic joints.

What is an example of a synarthritic joint?

Sutures in the skull.

What are slightly movable joints called?

Amphiarthrotic joints.

What is an example of an amphiarthrotic joint?

Pubis synthesis.

What are freely movable joints called?

Diarthrotic joints.

What is another name for freely movable joints?

Synovial joints.

What fluid is found in synovial joints?

Synovial fluid, which contains hyaluronic acid.

What are the components of the elbow joint?

Radial collateral ligament and ulnar collateral ligament.

What ligaments make up the knee joint?

Lateral collateral ligament, medial collateral ligament, ACL, and PCL.

What is the role of a fixator in muscles?

To stabilize the joint.

What are the characteristics of slow twitch muscle fibers?

Red in color, nonfatigable, requires oxygen, splits ATP slowly.

What is a key characteristic of fast twitch A fibers?

Pink in color, faster contraction, uses oxygen and nonoxygen pathways.

What differentiates fast twitch B fibers?

They have fewer capillaries and myoglobins, look white, use nonoxygen pathways.

What type of lever is most abundant in the body?

Third class lever.

What are the muscles around the eye called?

Orbicularis oculi.

What is the function of the masseter muscle?

Elevates and retracts the mandible.

What does the temporalis muscle do?

Elevates and retracts the mandible.

Which muscle opens the mouth?

External lateral pterygoid.

What is the muscle that closes the lips called?

Orbicularis oris.

What does the term 'mastication' refer to?

Chewing.

What are the muscles of mastication?

Temporalis, internal medial pterygoid, masseter, external lateral pterygoid.

What is the big muscle in the neck called?

Sternocleidomastoid muscle.

What are the actions of the sternocleidomastoid muscle during unilateral and bilateral contraction?

When contracting unilaterally, the sternocleidomastoid muscle rotates the head to the opposite side. When contracting bilaterally, it aids in flexion of the head.