Psyc 330 Ch 5

What is encoding?

the act of expressing communication non-verbally

What is decoding?

the act of interpreting non-verbal communication

What type of expressions are easy to decode?

Macro expressions because they are intention expressions of emotion that last a couple of seconds

What type of expressions are harder to decode?

micro expression because they are involuntary expressions of emotion that last for a fraction of a second

What are other channels of nonverbal behavior?

Body language, eye contact, gestures, tone of voice

What is the universality hypothesis?

major facial expressions of emotion have been found in all cultures

What are the results of the universality hypothesis?

we are all born with the ability to produce and understand facial expressions of major emotions

What are affect blends?

two or more emotions being displayed at a time

When encountering affect blends, what emotional cues do we usually pick up on?

negative emotional cues

What is internal attribution?

explaining a behavior in terms of internal characteristics

What is external attribution?

explaining a behavior in terms of situational causes

When do we make an internal attribution?

consensus is low, distinctiveness is low, and consistency is high

When do we make an external attribution?

consensus is high and distinctiveness is high

Do you have to know a lot about a person to apply the covariation model?

yes

What is consensus information?

How others behave in the same situation

What is distinctiveness information

how the person behaves in similar situations: is the behavior typical or rare

What is fundamental attribution error?

the tendency to overestimate the influence of personality and underestimate the power of the situation

What are defensive attributions?

making attributions that make us feel good or safe

What is the terror management theory?

Morality salience to worldview defense

What is false consensus?

the belief that others share our beliefs and charcteristics