Introduction to Criminological Theory

Vocabulary flashcards covering foundational terms and concepts introduced in the lecture on criminological theory.

Theory

An assumption or set of assumptions that explains why or how things are related to one another.

Criminological Theory

A framework that explains criminal behavior and the actions of various actors in the criminal justice process.

Crime Causation Theory

A specific criminological theory focused on why or how certain factors are related to criminal behavior.

Assumption

A foundational idea taken to be true for the purpose of building a theory.

Policy Implications

Practical actions or strategies derived from criminological theories to address crime.

Biological Theories of Crime

Explanations that attribute criminal behavior to physical or genetic factors such as chromosome abnormalities or hormone imbalances.

Psychological Theories of Crime

Explanations that link crime to mental processes, including intelligence levels or unmet basic needs.

Sociological Theories of Crime

Explanations that relate crime to social conditions like disorganization or inadequate socialization.

Economic Theories of Crime

Explanations that tie criminal behavior to financial factors such as unemployment or inequality.

Human Nature Theories

Perspectives that consider crime an inherent aspect of human nature, suggesting some individuals are 'born evil.'

Delinquency

Youthful offenses; included under the broader term 'crime' unless specified otherwise.

Criminal Justice Policy

Programs and actions implemented to prevent or respond to crime, often based on criminological theories.

Undesirable Consequences of Ignoring Theory

Wasted resources and unjust disruptions to people's lives when policies lack a solid theoretical foundation.

Actors in the Criminal Justice System

Individuals such as police, attorneys, judges, correctional personnel, and victims whose behaviors can also be explained by criminological theory.