M7A: Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development

Flashcards covering key concepts from Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development.

Lawrence Kohlberg

Developed the theory of moral development based on Jean Piaget’s moral reasoning theory.

Pre-conventional Morality

The first level of moral development focused on self-interest and avoiding punishment.

Stage 1: Punishment-Avoidance and Obedience

A focus on avoiding punishment, exemplified by a child obeying rules to avoid scolding.

Stage 2: Instrumental Exchange

A focus on self-interest and fair exchange, such as helping a friend only if they promise assistance in return.

Conventional Morality

The second level of moral development centered on conforming to social norms and gaining approval.

Stage 3: Interpersonal Conformity

A focus on earning approval by being kind and respectful, often expressed through polite behavior.

Stage 4: Law and Order

A focus on following rules and laws to maintain social order, exemplified by respecting traffic laws.

Post-conventional Morality

The third level of moral development that emphasizes justice and universal ethical principles.

Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights

Focuses on recognizing social standards, where individuals may break rules for justice, like protesting unjust laws.

Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles

Focuses on acting based on personal moral principles, such as equality and human rights, even in the face of opposition.

Moral Growth

A process that evolves from self-centered thinking to caring for social order, and ultimately prioritizing justice and universal ethics.