dna and the genome

: What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

What is the structure of DNA?

A double helix made up of two strands.

What are the four bases in DNA?

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Which DNA bases pair together?

Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).

What is a gene?

A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

What is the genome?

The entire set of genetic material in an organism.

Why is studying the human genome important?

It helps identify genes linked to diseases, trace human evolution, and develop treatments.

Where is DNA found in a cell?

nucleus within chromosomes

What is the role of DNA in cells?

It contains the instructions for building and maintaining an organism by coding for proteins.

What is the Human Genome Project?

A scientific project to map all the genes in the human genome.

What is a mutation?

A change in the sequence of DNA bases.

What effect can mutations have?

They can be harmful, beneficial, or have no effect, depending on how they change the protein.

What are chromosomes made of?

DNA and proteins

what are alleles

Different versions of the same gene.

What are the building blocks of proteins?

amino acids

How does DNA control protein synthesis?

DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated into proteins by ribosomes.

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Genotype is the genetic makeup, while phenotype is the physical characteristics expressed.

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

It carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome for translation.

What is the haploid number of chromosomes?

The number of chromosomes in gametes (23 in humans).

What does "coding for proteins" mean?

It means the DNA sequence determines the order of amino acids in a protein.