Bio Exam 2

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Contains chapters: 22, 23, and 24

40 Terms

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How do procaryotes differ from eukaryotes?
Unicellularity, cell size, Nucleoid, cell division, genetic recombination, internal compartmentalization, flagella, and metabolic diversity.
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How does unicellularity differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes only have the ability to be unicellular. Prokaryotes have the ability to group together by forming associations and biofilms.
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How does cell size differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes are generally smaller than eukaryotes.
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How does nucleoids differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
There is no nucleus in a prokaryote and its DNA is singular and circular.
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How does cell division differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes divide via binary fission
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How does genetic recomposition differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryote’s genes transfer horizontally not sexual reproduction.
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How does internal compartmentalization differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes do not have organ-bound organelles
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How do flagella differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes have simpler flagella
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How does metabolic diversity differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes undergo oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis. They are also chemolithotroph
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What are the two domains that branch out from prokaryotes?
Bacteria and archaea
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Identify the first organisms that oxygenated the atmosphere
Cyanobacteria
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Photoautotrophs
organisms that use light energy and inorganic carbon to produce organic materials.
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Chemoautotrophs
an organism that obtains energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments.
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Photoheterotrophs
organisms that use light for energy, but cannot use carbon dioxide as their sole carbon source.
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Chemoheterotrophs
An organism deriving energy by ingesting intermediates or building blocks that it is incapable of creating on its own.
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cocci
Spherical
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bacilli
Rod like
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spirilli
Spiral
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diplo-
Pairs
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strepto-
Chain like
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Staphylo-
Clusters (grape-like)
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\n Identify characteristics of eukaryotic cells
* Cells with a nucleus
* Mitochondria
* Cytoskeleton of microtubules
* Flagella and cilia
* Chromosomes and histones
* Mitosis
* cell walls
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Paramecium
Use cilia to propel itself
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Amoeba
Uses lobe-like pseudopodia to anchor and pull itself forward
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Euglena
Use of flagellum to propel itself
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saprobes
Eats dead things
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mixotrophs
use a mix of different sources of energy and carbon
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What is a fungus more related to plants or animals?
Animals
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Describe the symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae
Algae has the ability o live inside fungi and act as a chloroplast
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Describe the symbiotic relationship of Mycorrhizae with plant roots
Mycorrhizae help the plant get nitrogen and phosphorus.
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What is in fungus cell walls that is not in plant cell walls?
Chitin
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Fungi are not ---, and can not ----.
Plants/Photosynthesis
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Zygomycetes example
Bread mold
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Sac Fungi example
yeast
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Club Fungi example
puff ball mushroom
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Mycorrhizae
A fungi that helps plants get nitrogen and phosphorus
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Rhizobium
the bacteria that live in symbiotic association with the root nodules of the leguminous plants.
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Zooxanthellae
A bacteria that lives in coral gives it its color and act as chloroplast for the coral
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Cyanobacteria
The oldest organism that is able to preform photosynthesis
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Lichen
That funky stuff on trees, has a relationship with cyanobacteria