ap exam final

Song china

Imperial bureaucracy— civil service exam Confucian ideas.

Tech chompa rice gunpowder wood block printing

Tributary system tax is paid by other states to song china

Women have no power foot binding was a sign of social status and a way to keep women dependent on men.

Influence of Confucianism on song, China's political system

Men took civil servics' exam the better you did, the higher job you held in imperial bureaucracy

Influence of Confucianism on song, China's society and culture.

New social classes— scholars greatly educated in confucian text

Respect for women, but expectation to submit to men

Effects of chompa rice on song China.

More calories equals more well fed people food equals more population.

Causes of expansion of muslim rule. how and where it expanded

Mamluk sultanate in Egypt. It challenged the abbysids and facilitated trade between the islamic world and europe

Seljuk terks in the middle east, it challenged the absids and conquered much of middle east all the way to western china

Effects of the rise of islamic states

Cultural exchange and innovation, Golden Age of Islam, preservation of classical knowledge, development of Islamic art and architecture, growth of trade networks.

Effects that innovation's had in dar al Islam

Preservation of classical knowledge, medical advancements, mathematical innovations, astrolabe, house of wisdom

Significance of house of wisdom in abbasid baghdad

Scholars traveled far to study at the house of wisdom. It preserved classical knowledge and helped spread ideas throughout afro-Eurasia

Transportation tech helped trade along silk road

Saddles for camels, magnetic compass, rudder, junk (ship)

What commercial technology helped trade along silk road

Caravansarai money economies: flying cash, paper money, banking houses

Cultural transfers that resulted from the mongol empire

Islamic knowledge to china

Paper from china to other regions bc of printing press

Greek, roman, and islamic medical knowledge

Arabic numbers to Western Europe.

What factors led to the growth of indian ocean trade network

Spread of islam, cities connected—made trade partnerships

Demands for special products like fabrics from india, nutmeg clove cinnamon cardamom from spice islands—Indonesia

Slaves ivory and gold from africa

Silk and porcelain from china

Horses figs and dates from southwest asia

What tech facilitated trade in indian ocean

Latin cells, stern rudder, astrolabe

Impact that indian ocean trade system had on swahili city states

Swahili states thrived they sold gold, ivory and slaves in exchange for indian cotton, chinese porcelain and manufactured iron work

Brought lots of wealth

connection between Mali in west Africa and trade and communication

Increased wealth by gold trade and taxing other trades coming into Mali

City of timbuktu major trade center and islamic learning center

Expanding trade expanded cultural diffusion

Examples of cultural transfers as result of trade networks

Buddhist to china from india

Confusionism from korea and japan, as well as buddhism from china

Hinduism and buddhism spread

Khmer empire with angkor thom (royal monument) is evidence of hindu and buddhist influences

Islam spread in africa, south asia and southeast Asia

Ottoman empire

Relied on gunpowder, weapons and tax farming for political power

Largest and most enduring islamic empire

Women had no rights

Tolerate of non muslims, but they had to pay a non muslim tax

Captured janissaries which were enslaved people from Christian empires.

Mughal empire

Located in south Asia

Hindu before united under muslim rule by aurangzeb

Intolerant of Sikhs, hindus and others

Relied on gunpowder weapons and tax farming for political power

Controlled trade based on cotton, indigo and silk

Land given to government officials and military officials

Caste system

How land based empires use military professionals to maintain power

Ottoman sultans used the devshire system

System where they got enslaved people from tribute nations of their empire and force them to work in the military

Captured janisaries

How land based empires used monumental architecture to maintain power

The palace of versails was created by Louis 13th as he tried to hide his tyranny

Layasu did the same in Japan to maintain 2 resistances

Incan Sun Temple in Costco.

How land-based empires used religious art and ideas to maintain power

Incorporated religious concepts like the doctrine of the divine rights of kings

Paintings of monarchs on thrones and a hand of God from the sky

Mexica—human sacrifice

How land based empires got money to expand and maintain power

Tribute system

tax farming

Tech diffusions

Astrolabe spread by Muslim merchants and travelers to Europe used for navigation on water, it used the sun to determine latitude.

Compass from asia (china) to Europe it provided further developments in ocean travel

Cartography/map making and knowledge of wind patterns improve navigation and spread by Europeans

New technologies and how they helped patterns of trade and travel

Carrack used for trade and easier to withhold resources because of increase of size.

Caravel increased supply amount was faster, able to sell against the wind and cheaper.

Fluyt carried 2 times the cargo and half of European sea trade

Lateen sail

Triangle sail that allowed ships to sail against the wind.

Caravel

Portuguese ship used to explore West Coast.

Important because of speed and agility sailing into wind.

Economic factors that drove maritime exploration by Europeans

New world silver and gold

Plantation farming

Joint stock companies.

Colombian exchange.

Difference between trade post empire made by portuguese on indian ocean and colonies they established in new world

Indian Ocean: manufactured goods, ppl with jobs, more industrialized, smaller outposts.

Colonies: plantations with slaves, communities spread out, priest and Jesuits wanting conversion of natives.

Colombian exchange

Started by Christopher Columbus.

Traded luxury items.

Places involved = Europe, Africa and Asia to North America, America's to Europe, Africa and Asia.

The great dying = from disease = caused labor shortages

Colonization, globalized christianity

Negative and positive effects of colombian exchange on new world

Negative = disease, environmental issues, slave rebellion, silver was taken from europeans nothing returned

Positive = food supply and variety increased, livestock altered environment (providing milk hides and wool etc)

Negative and positive effects of colombian exchange on old world

Negative = no immunity to new world diseases, environmental issues from new tech and foods

Positive = new foods—better diet, food supply and variety increases, population increase everywhere

Maritime empire portuguese

Good trade empire through indian ocean

Gained control after defeating muslims and captured goe (their now capital)

Gained control over spice islands after they seized the straight of Malacca

Maritime empire spanish

Exploit gold and provide population outlet

Conquistadors established empire

Maritime empire dutch

Colonies on spice islands

Main trade with spices

Highly commercialized society

Brutalized native population

trading companies received charters from government

Maritime empire french

In search of northwest passage

Gold from Quebec trading post exploration for trade (money)

Spread Christianity.

Rarely settled permanently which caused better relations with natives.

Maritime empire british

Colonies in North America, India and West Indies

Land owned by Gentry class and worked by slaves and tenants

Mainly traded tea, sugar, tobacco and later cotton

Manipulated the markets rather than attack them

Natives were wiped out by diseases

competition with other empires

High literacy rates

Mixed religions and coloniesMixed religions and colonies.

Continuities in labor systems

Still largely agricultural—> intro of mercantilism

labor was manual, sought inexpensive labor, slavery—> force of indigenous americans into slavery and then africans to the americas

Birth control creating opportunities for women

Less births means women's ability to work

One medical innovation, increasing the ability of humans to survive and live longer

Polio vaccine

Mosquito control decreased malaria and yellow fever cases.

Smallpox was eradicated.

Epidemic disease of 20th century how it was a threat to human populations

Influenza pandemic's second major global pandemic that destroyed world.

Carrying dembalized soldiers, refugees and other uprooted individuals coming home from ww1

between 50 and 100 million people died which was 52 ten times the number of people who died in ww1

Role government played in economies of nations in early 20th century

More government involvement in countries like U.S (during depression)

More economic liberation(freedom)

Other countries moved to tighter government control. (China, Russia, North Korea.)

Economic policies of Deng xiaoping in china

Promoted economic growth (less equality)

Bye bye Communist economic policies, led to people wanting more political freedom (tiananman square)

knowledge economy

Economy that creates distributes and uses knowledge and informationEconomy that creates distributes and uses knowledge and information.

Assumptions about race, class, gender and religion

Race— racial superiority accepted, led to discrimination and segregation

Class— seen as pre determined with little opportunity for movement

Gender— roles were strict led to gender inequality.

Religion— dominant religions held sway over society influencing government laws and norms.

Effects about challenged race, class, gender and religion

Increased access to media and education.More rights for minorities increased connection across the globe

Ways access to education became inclusive

Education laws requiring children to get certain level of education

Education reforms

Equal opportunity policies for race classes genders and people with disabilities.

Positive consequences of global integration

Economic growth— exchange of goods services and capital

Reduction of property— increased trade and investment helped lift many out of poverty

cultural change— spread of ideas language and traditions

tech advancements— caused tech innovations and diffusion through exchange

What's globalization

Increased connectivity of the world/global economy

Why have countries like china created their own social media

Government control/censorship