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Monroe’s presidency was marked by spirit of
nationalism and optimism
Who was obsolete
Federalists
who dominated politics
Democrat-Republican party
It’s misleading because
there was growing sectionalism, slavery, and debates over Henry Clay’s American System
Political unity was a myth because
Democratic-Republican party will split into
What was the Virginia Dynasty
the first 4 out of 5 presidents were from Virginia
first 4 presidents from virginia
Washington, Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe
who was president from 1817-1823
James Monroe
who presided over the nation during the “Era of Good feelings”
James Monroe
what were changes in democratic-republican party
only national party, but it was fractured; some held on to strict interpretation of the constitution, others embraced federalist policies, tension increased
was the national economy growing during this era?
yes.increased government funding for roads and canals and they protected US manufacturing from foreign competition
Tariff of 1816
Congress raised tariffs (tax) on goods from Great Britain and other foreign countries to protect US manufacturing of goods. made goods from foreign countries more expensive than American made goods
why did Henry clay propose the ”American System” ?
to help boost the American economy (created markets for manufacturing and agriculture)farming
where was henry clay from?
Kentucky (KY)
3 components of American System
Bank of the US
Internal Improvements
Protective Tariffs
what did Clay believe about protective tariffs
that it would raise revenue (money) for the US, so they could build a national transportation system of roads and canals
National bank would have what type of currency
national currency
who was against the improvements to the roads nationally
Madison and Monroe-didn’t believe the constitution authorized the federal govt to do this
what were reasons for expansion
population of nation doubled from 1800-1820
more internal improvements
settlers started migrating west which boosted growth
who created the first steam boat in 1807
Robert Fulton
what made traveling the nation’s waterways fast and cheap
The Clermont, the first steamboat
what road stretched from Maryland to Illinois and help expansion west in 1818
National (Cumberland) Road
what linked the economy in the East with the old Northwest in 1825
Erie Canal
what was developed in the 1830s and would replace the need to build canals
Railroads
who emerged as the area leading manufacturing in the country in the 1820s due to water power from textile mills
New England
who invented the cotton gin
Eli Whitney
what invention separated cotton seeds from the fiber and led to the increased production of cotton
Cotton Gin
what increased slavery in the south and southwest for cotton planters in Alabama, Texas, and Mississippi
Plantation economy
what cases expanded the power of the federal government
Marshall Court cases
1.Marburg v Madison,
2. McCulloch v Maryland
3.Gibbons v Ogden
1803 established the supreme court’s power of judicial review over federal legislation
Marburg v. Madison
1819 When the state of Maryland tried to tax the B.U.S. (Bank of US)The Supreme court ruled that it was ok for Congress to charter a bank and that no state could tax the federal bank
McCulloch v. Maryland
1824 The case dealt with whether the state of NY had the right to grant a business the right to a monopoly over the steamboat industry along the Hudson River. Court ruled the state had no authority only Congress does
Gibbons v. Ogden
who competed over the west and whether or not to allow slavery in the west
The North and the South
who created the Missouri Compromise in 1820
Henry Clay
Did Missouri come into the Union as a slave state?
Yes
Did Maine enter the Union as a free state?
Yes
where was slavery banned?
North of 36/30 parallel which was southern border of Missouri
1823 Monroe gave a speech before congress stating the western hemisphere was off limits to Europe to colonize
Monroe Doctrine
Did Monroe run unopposed for presidency in 1820? No one running against him
Yes
what was expansion of the electorate?
in 1820s, many states allowed all white males to vote even if they didn’t own property
what was counted during the presidential election in 1824?
The Popular Vote
what was caucus system?
political candidates were selected by state legislature or caucuses in congress
common citizens (regular people) were not allowed to participate
what ended in 1830 and was replaced by nominating conventions and made it easier for common men to vote
Caucuses
due to expansion of electorate, 3 Democratic-Republicans were selected in this election
Election of 1824
who received the most votes in the election of 1824, but did not get the majority of the electoral college votes
jackson
who decided who was going to win in the election of 1824?
House of Representatives
what was the Corrupt Bargain
Henry Clay, who was Speaker of the House supported Adams over Jackson even though Jackson had more electoral votes. Adams won and then made Clay his Secretary of State
Who declared this deal with Clay and Adams as a Corrupt Bargain?
Jackson
Who was President from 1825-1829 and had difficulty getting any legislation passed because of the bitterness from Jacksonian Democrats and the Corrupt Bargain?
John Quincy Adams
Who ran against John Adams and won the Election of 1828 because he appealed to the common man?
Andrew Jackson (Also called “Old Hickory”)