prokaryotic cell responsibilities

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to cell structure and function, providing definitions for important cellular components.

Flagella

long whip-like filaments used to move around, driving the cell through liquids

Pili

short hair-like projections that attach to surfaces

Capsule

gelatin polymer that protects against phagocytosis and desiccation

Cell Wall

provides shape and strength, prevents the cell from bursting due to osmotic pressure; made of peptidoglycan

Cell Membrane

controls what comes in and out of the cell; contains enzymes and proteins for cellular respiration and photosynthesis, and receptors for environments

Cytoplasm

gel-like substance in the cell where metabolism starts

Nucleoid

area where DNA is located; not membrane-bound, coily chromosome that holds important genetic info

Ribosomes

tiny grain structures where protein synthesis happens

Plasmid

small circular extra-chromosomal DNA molecules; carry 'unimportant' but useful genes; replicate independently and can be transferred between cells