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Cation
Loses electron has a positive charge
Anion
Accepts an electron has a negative charge
Polar covalent bond
Unequal sharing of electrons do dissolve in water
Nonpolar covalent bond
equal sharing of electrons between atoms. Do NOT dissolve in water
Exergonic reactions
Energy is liberated; Reactants have higher energy than products
Endergonic reaction
Energy was put into the system. Products haver higher energy than reactants
Oxidation
Loses electrons
Reduction
Gains electrons
Velocity
The faster a particle moves, the more impact, the more reactivity it has
Energy
Temperature increases energy
The smaller the size is better
Concentration
The more particle, the more likely they will collide
Catalysts
Increase the speed of a chemical reaction without being consumed
Carbohydrate
Sugars and Starches
Provide energy (ATP)
make up 1-2% of cell
Acid
When they dissociate, they increase the concentration of hydrogen ions
proton donors; can contribute to electrical conduction
Bases
When they dissociate, they decrease the hydrogen ion concentration
Proton acceptors; can change electrical activity