AP history unit one quiz

What is the time period covered in Unit One of AP World History?

Circa 1200 to 1450

What does the term 'state' refer to in AP World History?

A territory politically organized under a single government.

What major Chinese dynasty was in power from 960 to 1279?

The Song Dynasty

How did the Song Dynasty maintain and justify its rule?

By emphasizing Confucianism and expanding the imperial bureaucracy.

What philosophy was revived during the Song Dynasty?

Confucianism, specifically Neo-Confucianism.

What is filial piety?

The virtue of children obeying and honoring their parents and ancestors.

What social restrictions did women face during the Song Dynasty?

Women were stripped of legal rights, had limited access to education, and practiced foot binding.

What was the purpose of foot binding in Song China?

It was a status symbol among elites, indicating that a wife could not work.

What is a bureaucracy?

A government entity arranged in a hierarchical fashion that carries out the will of the emperor.

What was the significance of the civil service examination in Song China?

It allowed the most qualified individuals to obtain bureaucratic jobs based on merit.

Which neighboring regions were influenced by Chinese traditions during the Song Dynasty?

Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.

What are the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism?

1. Life is suffering. 2. Suffering is caused by craving. 3. Suffering ceases when craving ceases. 4. The way to cease craving is to follow the Eightfold Path.

What is Nirvana in Buddhism?

The ultimate goal of dissolving into the Oneness of the universe.

What agricultural innovation contributed to population growth during the Song Dynasty?

The introduction of Champa rice.

What were the two significant goods traded by Song China?

Porcelain and silk.

What was the Grand Canal's role in Song China?

It facilitated trade and communication among various regions.

What does 'Dar al-Islam' refer to?

The house of Islam, encompassing all places where Islamic faith was the organizing principle.

Who was the prophet of Islam?

Muhammad.

What was the Abbasid Caliphate known for?

Being a major Muslim empire centered in Baghdad before 1200.

What ethnic group dominated the Abbasid Caliphate?

Arabs.

Which empires rose to power after the Abbasid Caliphate began to decline?

Turkic empires such as the Seljuk Empire.

What was the Seljuk Empire?

A Turkic empire established in the 11th century in Central Asia.

What significant event occurred in 1258 concerning the Abbasid Empire?

The Mongols sacked Baghdad.

What legal system did the new Turkic empires establish?

Sharia law.

Who was Nasir al-Din al-Tusi?

A Muslim scholar who made significant advances in mathematics and invented trigonometry.

What was the House of Wisdom?

A library in Baghdad that preserved and translated Greek philosophical works.

How did Muslim empires expand during the period 1200 to 1450?

Through military expansion, trade, and missionary activities of Sufi.

What was the bhakti movement in Hinduism?

A devotional movement emphasizing devotion to one Hindu god.

What was the Vijayanagara Empire?

A major Hindu kingdom established in Southern India in 1336.

What was the Delhi Sultanate?

A Muslim kingdom that ruled much of Northern India.

What challenge did the Delhi Sultanate face in ruling India?

Imposing a total Muslim state on a majority Hindu population.

What was the Rajput Kingdom?

A collection of rival Hindu kingdoms in Northern India that resisted Muslim rule.

What characterized the relationship between Buddhism and Hinduism in South Asia during this period?

Buddhism was in decline, while Hinduism remained dominant.

What was one way Islam spread in Southeast Asia?

Through the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate and the influence of Muslim merchants.

What was the significance of the Sufi missionaries?

They emphasized mystical experience and adapted to local beliefs, aiding in the spread of Islam.

What was a major consequence of the commercialization of the Song economy?

Increased production of goods for trade, leading to economic prosperity.

What was the impact of Champa rice on Song China?

It allowed for multiple harvests a year, contributing to population growth.

What was the significance of the expansion of the Grand Canal?

It enhanced trade and communication across China.

How did the Song Dynasty influence neighboring regions?

Through the adoption of Confucian bureaucratic practices and Buddhism.

What event led to the establishment of a rival Empire in the South?

A failed attempt by the Delhi Sultanate to extend Muslim rule, where emissaries converted back to Hinduism.

What was the Majapahit Kingdom?

A Buddhist kingdom in Java that existed from 1293 to 1520, known for controlling sea trade routes.

What caused the decline of the Majapahit Kingdom?

China began supporting its trading rival, the Sultanate of Malacca.

What was the Khmer Empire originally founded as?

A Hindu Kingdom that later converted to Buddhism.

What is Angkor Wat?

A temple built as a Hindu structure that incorporated Buddhist elements after the Khmer leadership converted to Buddhism.

What were the two major centers of civilization in the Americas by 1200?

Mesoamerica and the Andean civilization.

Who founded the Aztec Empire and when?

The Mexica people founded the Aztec Empire in 1345.

What was the capital city of the Aztec Empire?

Tenochtitlan, which was the largest city in the Americas before European arrival.

What system did the Aztecs use to administer their empire?

An elaborate system of tribute states requiring conquered peoples to provide labor and goods.

What role did enslaved people play in Aztec religion?

They were often candidates for human sacrifice, which was a significant aspect of Aztec beliefs.

What was the Inca Empire known for in terms of governance?

A highly centralized bureaucracy that maintained control over conquered peoples.

What labor system did the Incas implement?

The Mita system, requiring all subjects to provide labor for state projects.

How did the Aztecs differ from the Incas in their governance?

Aztecs were decentralized, while Incas were highly centralized.

What was the Mississippian culture?

The first large-scale civilization in North America, centered around the Mississippi River Valley.

What was a notable feature of Mississippian towns?

They were organized around monumental mounds, with the largest being burial mounds built by the Cahokia people.

What characterized the Swahili Civilization?

A series of cities organized around commerce and trade along the East African coast.

How did the Swahili cities gain influence over time?

By becoming more involved in Indian Ocean trade.

What was the primary agricultural focus of the Mississippian culture?

Agriculture, supported by the fertile soil of the Mississippi River Valley.

What was the significance of the Aztec alliance formed in 1428?

It led to the establishment of a vast empire through aggressive expansion.

What was the role of tribute in the Aztec Empire?

Tribute included labor and goods from conquered peoples, which supported the Aztec economy.

What was the geographical extent of the Inca Empire?

It stretched nearly across the entire Andean Mountain Range.

What was a major difference in the treatment of conquered peoples between the Aztecs and Incas?

Aztecs allowed tribute states to maintain some autonomy, while Incas enforced strict control and labor requirements.

What is one example of a cultural influence in the Khmer Empire?

The incorporation of both Hindu and Buddhist elements in architecture, exemplified by Angkor Wat.

What was a key factor in the establishment of the rival Empire in the South?

The conversion of Delhi Sultanate emissaries back to Hinduism after reaching the South.

What was the primary economic activity of the Majapahit Kingdom?

Controlling sea routes for trade rather than relying solely on naval power.

What was a significant architectural achievement of the Mississippian culture?

The construction of large burial mounds, with the largest being around 100 feet tall.

What was the impact of the Aztec Empire's tribute system on its society?

It created a reliance on conquered peoples for labor and resources, facilitating the empire's expansion.

What was the social hierarchy in the Swahili civilization?

The merchant elite were above the commoners.

What influenced the Swahili civilization significantly?

Muslim traders.

What new language emerged in the Swahili city-states?

Swahili, a hybrid of Bantu languages and Arabic.

What does the hybrid language of Swahili demonstrate?

The intermingling and cooperation of various cultures.

How did the influence of Muslim traders affect the Swahili States?

The states rapidly became Islamic, increasing their integration into Islamic trade.

Name three powerful civilizations that arose in West Africa.

Ghana, Mali, and the Songhai Empire.

What drove the growth of the Western African civilizations?

Trade.

Who predominantly converted to Islam in the West African empires?

Elite members and government officials.

What did the majority of the population in West African empires retain?

Their indigenous beliefs and traditions.

How were the Hausa Kingdoms organized compared to the Swahili states?

The Hausa Kingdoms were a series of city-states rather than centralized empires.

What was the common feature among the Hausa Kingdoms?

They spoke a common language and shared a common culture.

How did the Hausa Kingdoms grow powerful?

Through trade, specifically acting as brokers of trans-Saharan trade.

What was the capital city of Great Zimbabwe built?

Between 1250 and 1450.

What type of trade did the Swahili states engage in?

Sea-based trade.

What characterized the political structure of the Swahili city-states?

They were independent politically.

What was a major factor in the conversion to Islam in West Africa?

The influence of trade.

What role did Muslim traders play in the Swahili civilization?

They settled in various Swahili states and influenced cultural and linguistic development.

What was the relationship between the Swahili civilization and the larger Islamic world?

The Swahili states' integration into the larger world of Islamic trade increased due to their Islamic conversion.

What was the primary means of trade for the Hausa Kingdoms?

Trans-Saharan trade.

What was a key feature of the Swahili civilization's trade?

It was heavily influenced by maritime activities.

What was the population of Great Zimbabwe?

About 18 thousand

What was the primary economic activity of Great Zimbabwe?

Farming and cattle herding

What commodity did Great Zimbabwe primarily trade?

Gold

What religion did the rulers and people of Zimbabwe maintain?

Indigenous shamanistic religion

What was a significant feature of the Kingdom of Ethiopia?

It was a Christian state in a region dominated by Islam.

How did Ethiopia's power structure resemble other states?

It had a hierarchical structure with a monarch at the top.

What were the two flavors of Christianity in Europe during this period?

Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholicism

What was the Byzantine Empire's version of Christianity?

Eastern Orthodox Christianity

What significant event occurred in 988 in the Kievan Rus?

The adoption of Eastern Orthodox Christianity

What was the main social and political order in Europe during this period?

Feudalism

What is feudalism?

A system where powerful lords gained allegiance from lesser lords in exchange for land and military service.

What is a manor?

A large piece of land owned by a lord, rented out to peasants.

Who were the working peasants in the feudal system?

Serfs

How were serfs different from slaves?

Serfs were not personal property of landowners but were bound to the land.