UNIT 2 DUAL ENROLLMENT CHILD GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT

_____ alerts physicians to conditions in the baby that may need treatment during pregnancy or immediately after birth. The risk of birth defects often increases with maternal age, and couples may face difficult decisions if untreatable conditions are discovered.

PRENATAL TESTING

______ can confirm pregnancy early and estimate risks for birth defects. If abnormalities are suggested, further testing may be recommended.

BLOOD TESTS

_______ uses sound waves to create video images, checking for health issues, developmental progress, and detecting skeletal or organ defects

ULTRASOUND

_______ involves withdrawing amniotic fluid (guided by ultrasound) to test for specific birth defects. This procedure carries risks that should be discussed with a doctor.

AMNIOCENTESIS

__________takes tissue samples from the membrane encasing the fetus, typically from the placenta. It involves higher risk than amniocentesis and is only performed when benefits outweigh risks.

CHORIONIC VILLUS SAMPLING (CVS)

The most common sign of pregnancy is a ________, which occurs because progesterone levels remain high. After implantation, the embryo produces________,detectable in blood at implantation and in urine around the time of the missed period.

MISSED PERIOD, HCG (HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN)

_______ a medical doctor who specializes in delivering babies.

OBSTETRICIAN

_______ are registered nurses with additional childbirth training.

NURSE MIDWIVES

_____ provide continuous physical, emotional, and informational support before, during, and after childbirth.

DOULAS

_______ one of the places a parent(s) may choose to have their baby. This place offers all medical resources and may include birthing rooms.

HOSPITAL

________ provide home-like atmospheres with midwife care but may be harder to locate.

BIRTHING CENTER

_____ are attended by midwives and only suitable for routine pregnancies without complications.

HOME

______ involves a burst of energy to prepare the home environment.

NESTING

_________ occurs when the baby's head engages, causing the belly to drop.

LIGHTENING

______ happens as the cervix softens and the mucus plug falls out, potentially causing minor bleeding.

BLOODY SHOW

________ ("water breaking") releases amniotic fluid in a trickle or rush.

MEMBRANES RUPTURE

________ begin as uterine muscles tighten to prepare for delivery.

CONTRACTIONS

During labor, the cervix undergoes ________ (softening and thinning) and __________ (opening to approximately 10 centimeters or 4 inches).

EFFACEMENT, DILATION

_____ (up to 4 cm) features manageable contractions.

EARLY LABOR

_____ (up to 8 cm) involves strong, uncomfortable contractions.

ACTIVE LABOR

______ (8-10 cm) brings intense, frequent contractions.

TRANSITION

________ is an incision to enlarge the vaginal opening.

EPISIOTOMY

______ occurs as the baby's skull bones overlap to fit through the pelvis.

MOULDING

After a baby is born the uterus contracts again to expel the ________, which is examined to ensure it is intact and prevent maternal complications.

PLACENTA / AFTERBIRTH

________ occurs when fertilization implants in the fallopian tube rather than the uterus.

ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

________ is the expulsion of a dead embryo or fetus from the uterus.

MISCARRIAGE

_____ refers to the birth of a dead fetus.

STILLBORN

______ involves high blood pressure, protein in urine, and swelling, potentially damaging organs.

TOXEMIA

_____ creates complications when mother and baby have different blood types.

RH FACTOR

____ when a baby is born early, considered this before 36 weeks gestation.

PREMATURE

______ develop from one fertilized egg that splits, they are always the same sex & have the same DNA.

IDENTICAL TWINS

_______ result from two separate eggs fertilized by different sperm and can be different sexes.

FRATERNAL TWINS

_______A surgical method of birth

C-SECTION

_____ a form of assisted delivery that involves blades placed on the baby's head, requiring episiotomy and anesthesia, with injury risks.

FORCEPS

__________ a form of assisted delivery that uses suction while the mother pushes, typically doesn't require episiotomy, but still carries injury risks.

VACUUM

_______ this condition differs from "postpartum blues" in duration and severity, requiring professional attention and treatment.

POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION

Couples are generally considered infertile after ____________ of trying to get pregnant.

ONE YEAR

__________ regulate hormones and trigger egg release but may cause multiple births and side effects.

FERTILITY DRUGS

________ can correct structural problems like blocked tubes or remove problematic tissue.

SURGERY

______ places concentrated sperm directly into the uterus.

IUI

___________________ combines eggs and sperm in a laboratory before transferring embryos to the uterus.

IVF

_____________ injects a single sperm into a single egg during IVF.

ICSI

________ involves another woman carrying the embryo to term, though it's legally complex and expensive.

SURROGATE