ACE_Chapter 12: Working with Participants with Health Considerations (Reading Notes) PART 1

Practice vocabulary flashcards focused on exercise considerations for older adults, youth, pregnant individuals, and those with osteoporosis or specific medication needs based on Chapter 12 lecture notes.

Balance

The foundational skill to all programming for older adults, as it enhances physical performance and contributes to improving the cognitive and affective domains while building self-efficacy.

Core conditioning

A critical component of balance training and a prerequisite to effective training for older adults.

High velocity power training

Training shown to elicit meaningful changes in muscle force production, peak power, and muscle contraction speed in older adults once an adequate fitness level is established.

Dyspnea scale

A subjective scale used to monitor exercise intensity, specifically recommended for use with older adult populations.

Proprioception

The sense of self-movement and body position, which can be improved in older adults through barefoot balance training like yoga or pilates.

Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by very low bone mass, diagnosed by a bone mineral density ($BMD$) of more than $2.5$ standard deviations below the average peak value for normal adults.

Low trauma injuries

Injuries, such as osteoporotic fractures, that occur from a standing height or lower.

Multiplanar activity

Exercises involving movement in multiple planes, which should be encouraged for individuals with osteoporosis to aid bone health.

Physical literacy

The development of the ability, confidence, and desire to be physically active, which is a primary focus for youth fitness.

Dry heat dissipation

The cooling mechanism used by children, who sweat less than adults and have a higher body surface to mass ratio.

Relaxin

A hormone that increases during pregnancy, relaxing ligaments and soft tissues in preparation for childbirth, which can also increase the risk of joint laxity and injury.

Supine position

A position of lying on the back that should be avoided for long periods after $20$ weeks of gestation to ensure prenatal safety.

Beta blockers

A category of medication commonly prescribed for cardiovascular disorders that decreases resting heart rate, exercise heart rate, and maximal heart rate ($MHR$).

Target heart rate ($THR$)

An intensity monitoring metric that may be unreachable for participants taking beta blockers, necessitating the use of $RPE$ instead.

Angiotensin II receptor blockers ($ARBs$)

Medications that result in a decrease or no significant change in resting and exercise heart rates, with no significant change in exercise capacity.

Antihistamines

Medications that may cause an increase in resting heart rate but typically show no significant change in exercise heart rate or performance.

Bronchodilators

Medications that generally result in no significant change in heart rate response or $VO2 \text{ max}$ but may increase capacity for individuals with $COPD$.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ($NSAIDs$)

Substances that generally cause no significant change or a slight increase in performance and exercise capacity.