Chapter 2: Nature of Molecules and Properties of Matter

Vocabulary flashcards created from lecture notes on atomic structure, subatomic particles, atomic properties, oxidation-reduction, and ionic bonding.

Atom

The basic structure that all matter is made of, composed of $3$ subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Proton

A positively charged subatomic particle located in the nucleus of an atom.

Neutron

A neutral subatomic particle located in the nucleus of an atom.

Electron

A negatively charged subatomic particle located in orbitals, having lower mass than a proton and a neutron.

Valence Number

The value equal to the number of protons in an atom.

Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons combined in an atom.

Mass

The amount of substance.

Valence Electrons

The number of electrons located in the outermost energy level of an atom.

Oxidation

The loss or donation of an electron.

Reduction

The gain or receiving of an electron.

Ionic Bonds

Bonds formed by the attraction of oppositely charged ions by electrostatic force.

Ions

Charged structures that form when atoms gain or lose electrons.