human health and diseases

symptoms of typhoid

low pulse, high fever, abdominal pain and loss of apetite

severe symptoms of typhoid

intestinal perforation
death

Pathogen of typhoid

Salmonella typhi

symptoms of pneumonia

fever chills cough headache
skin and nails turn blue

pathogen of pnuemonia

haemophilus influenzae
steptococcus pneumoniae

symptoms of common cold

nasal congestion and discharge, hoarseness, tired, headache, sore throat

pathogen of common cold

rhino virus

symptoms of amebiasis

stools with blood clots and mucous, abdominal pain, cramps, constipation

symptoms of ascariais

internal bleeding, muscular pain, fever, anemia

pathogen of amoebiasis

entamoeba histolytica

pathogen of ascariasis

ascaris

symptoms of elephentiasis

inflammation of lymphoid organs in lower limb and genital organs are also affected

pathogen of elephentiasis

wuscheria bancrofti
wuscheria malayi

pathogen of ringworms

1. trichophyton
2. microsporum
3. epidermophyton

symptoms of ringworm

dry scaly lesions on skin nails and scalp with intense itching

carrier of malaria

Anopheles mosquito

pathogen of malaria

Plasmodium

test for typhoid

widal test

bacterial diseases

Typhoid
Pneumonia
Dysentery
Plague
Diptheria

viral diseases

AIDS , common cold

helminthic diseases

ascariasis and filariasis

protozoan

malaria and amoebiasis

fungal disease

ringworms

most serious plasmodium species

plasmodium falciparum

what is responsible for recurring fever and chills in malaria

release of heamozoin

infective stage of plasmodium

sporozoites

Gametocytes of plasmodium develop in:
A. Salivary glands of Anopheles
B. Liver of human
C. RBCs of human
D. Gut of Anopheles

RBCs of human

the 2 hosts for malarial parasite are

human and mosquito

Carrier of amoebiasis

houseflies

carrier of filariasis

culex

diseases spread through food and water

typhoid, amoebiasis and ascariasis

air borne diseases

Pneumonia, common cold

which fishes feed on insects larvae

gambusia

aedes mosquito is vector of

dengue and chikungunya

symptoms of dengue

high fever, Muscle aches, back pain and severe joint pain

for which diseases there are no vaccines

dengue and chikungunya

symptoms of chikungunya

conjunctivitis, haemorrhage fever and joint pain

what decreases in blood during dengue

platelets

where does Aedes mosquito breed

clean water

dengue is caused by

bacteria or virus or worms or nematode

virus

features of innate immunity

non specific and present at the time of birth

feature of acquired immunity

specific and characterised by memory

types of innate immunity

physical, physiological, cellular and cytokine

examples of physical barrier

skin, mucus coated respiratory, GIT and urogenital tract

example son physiological barrier

tears, saliva and acid in stomach

examples of cellular barrier

WBCs, monocytes and macrophages

examples of cytokine barriers

alpha interferons

in which disease are cytokine barriers used

eye flu, conjunctivitis, common cold

antibody has what kinds of chains

2 light and 2 heavy

which immunity accounts for readymade antibodies

passive

Examples of passive immunity

breast milk, anti venom, tetanus

antibodies released in allergy are

IgE

antibodies in colostrum

IgA

antibodies in placenta

IgG

symptoms of allergy

sneezing, watery eyes, running nose and difficulty in breathing

hormones released due to allergy

histamine, serotonin

Statement I: Many visitors to the hills suffer from eye and digestive
allergy problems
Statement II: Conifer trees produce a large quantity of wind-borne pollen
grains.

Statement-I is incorrect & Statement-Il is correct.

hormones to cure allergy

steroids, adrenaline and anti histamine

auto immune disease

myasthanişa gravis, rheumatoid arthritis

Primary lymphoid organs

bone marrow and thymus

secondary lymphoid organs

spleen, Peyer patches, lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix

functions of spleen

filters blood, graveyard of RBCs

which organ constitutes 50% of lymphoid tissue of body

MALT

AIDS is caused by

HIV

Does HIV have reverse transcriptase? if yes, how many?

yes, 2 molecules

genome of HIV

2 molecules ssRNA

which sexual diseases don't affect the sexual organs

AIDS and Hepatitis B

AIDS diagnostic test

ELISA

what property is not in cancerous cellsq

contact inhibition

Ionising radiation which are cancerous

x rays and gamma rays

non-ionizing radiation which are cancerous

UV rays

chemical carcinogens

tobacco smoke

opioids target organ

CNS and GIT

opiods extracted form

latex of Palaver somniferum

Opioids is taken through

snorting and injection

heroin is a

depressant

cannabinoids examples

bhaang, charts, ganja, marijuana

cannabinoids receptors

brain

cannabinoids obtained from

inflorescence of cannabis sativa

effects of cannabinoids is on

cardiovascular organs

cannabinoids is taken as

inhalation and orally

cocaine is taken as

snorting

cocaine is obtained from

Erythroxylum coca

effects of cocaine

euphoria, high energy and stimulating action of CNS

Drugs With Hallucinogenic Effects

atropa belladona and datura

drugs to help depression and insomnia

barbiturates, amphetamines, benzodiazepines

which is a sedative and pain killer

morphine

which drug interferes with dopamine transport

cocaine

tobacco is used as

smoke, chew, snuff

nicotine stimulates which hormones

adrenaline and non adrenaline

symptoms of withdrawal from drugs

shaking, nausea, sweat, anxiety

which cannabinoids is obtained from resinous exudate

hashish

which cannabinoids is obtained from dried unfertilised female inflorescence

ganja

which cannabinoids is obtained from dried flower and top leaves

marijuana

which cannabinoids is obtained from dried leaves and flowering shoots of male and female plants

bhaang

lysozyme kills bacteria by destroying

cell wall
lipid bilayers
mitochondrial enzymes
machinery for DNA replication

cell wall

which drugs are structurally related to adrenaline

amphetamines

which is the most abundant type of antibody

IgG

tobacco addiction causes

anthrax
gastric ulcers
skin eruptions

gastric ulcers

smoking produces polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that causes reduction in oxygen transport or cancer

cancer