Epidemiology and Human Biology Review

Flashcards created to help review key concepts related to epidemiology, stress, human biology, growth variations, and aging.

The branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases is known as __.

Epidemiology

The __ approach considers the interaction between two or more diseases in a broader socioeconomic context.

Syndemic

The transmission of infection via direct contact or droplet spread is known as __.

Contagion

John Snow is famous for plotting the cholera outbreak during the __ epidemic in London.

1854

The __ must be present in every case of the disease and must not be present in a healthy organism according to the Henle-Koch Postulates.

disease microorganism

The total number of cases during a particular time interval is referred to as __.

Prevalence

A measure of risk looking at incidence of disease within a population is called __.

Absolute risk

The __ is the ratio of the calculated risk in the control group to the calculated risk in the unexposed group.

Relative risk

During the stress response, the __ system releases cortisol and catecholamines to manage physiological changes.

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA)

The perception of the balance between demands and resources in a stressful situation is known as __.

Appraisal

__ refers to the emotional or affective response to stressors.

Distress

The growth of a single cell in a pure culture helps fulfill the second Henle-Koch Postulate, stating that the microorganism must be __.

grown in a pure culture derived from the diseased host

The decline in the function of the immune system with age is known as __.

thymus involution

The __ hypothesis suggests that post-reproductive lifespan exists to support offspring and grandchildren.

Grandmother

The average life span, influenced by environmental factors, is referred to as __.

life expectancy

The study of aging is known as __.

Gerontology

Low birth weight is a key risk factor for neonatal __.

death

Higher socioeconomic status correlates with better growth in terms of height, nutrition, and healthcare access; this is known as __.

socioeconomic status (SES)