Exam 3

What is the estimated time of evolution for the first eukaryote?

The first eukaryote evolved approximately 1.8 to 1.3 billion years ago.

What are the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells are smaller, simpler, have no membrane-bound organelles, and have a nucleoid region; eukaryotic cells are larger, more complex, have membrane-bound organelles, and contain a nucleus.

What is the endosymbiont theory?

The endosymbiont theory proposes that aerobic bacteria were engulfed by archaea and became mitochondria, while cyanobacteria were engulfed by eukaryotes and became plastids.

What supergroup includes land plants and is mostly multicellular?

Archaeplastida is the supergroup that includes land plants and is mostly multicellular.

What characteristic do Rhizaria, such as Foraminifera, have?

Rhizaria, such as Foraminifera, have porous shells called tests, which are hardened with calcium carbonate.

Which group shares a recent common ancestor with all animals and contains choanoflagellates?

Opisthokonta shares a recent common ancestor with all animals and contains choanoflagellates.

What type of algae is known for being photosynthetic and unicellular, with a silica cell wall?

Diatoms are photosynthetic, unicellular algae with a silicon dioxide cell wall.

What structure is associated with Amoebozoa that resembles fungal fruiting bodies?

Some Amoebozoa, like slime molds, generate spore-generating fruiting bodies similar to fungi.

What is the defining characteristic of the Chromalveolata group?

Chromalveolata includes a variety of photosynthetic organisms, such as brown algae and diatoms, and is known for its diverse cellular structures.

What is the primary function of pseudopodia in Rhizaria?

In Rhizaria, the needle-like pseudopodia function to catch food particles.