PSY-150 Openstax Ch. 7 Terms

studied byStudied by 2 people
5.0(1)
Get a hint
Hint

algorithm

1 / 47

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

48 Terms

1

algorithm

problem-solving strategy characterized by a specific set of instructions

New cards
2

analytical intelligence

aligned with academic problem solving and computations

New cards
3

anchoring bias

faulty heuristic in which you fixate on a single aspect of a problem to find a solution

New cards
4

artificial concept

concept that is defined by a very specific set of characteristics

New cards
5

availability heuristic

faulty heuristic in which you make a decision based on information readily available to you

New cards
6

cognition

thinking, including perception, learning, problem solving, judgment, and memory

New cards
7

cognitive psychology

field of psychology dedicated to studying every aspect of how people think

New cards
8

cognitive script

set of behaviors that are performed the same way each time; also referred to as an event schema

New cards
9

concept

category or grouping of linguistic information, objects, ideas, or life experiences

New cards
10

confirmation bias

faulty heuristic in which you focus on information that confirms your beliefs

New cards
11

convergent thinking

providing correct or established answers to problems

New cards
12

creative intelligence

ability to produce new products, ideas, or inventing a new, novel solution to a problem

New cards
13

creativity

ability to generate, create, or discover new ideas, solutions, and possibilities

New cards
14

crystallized intelligence

characterized by acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it

New cards
15

cultural intelligence

ability with which people can understand and relate to those in another culture

New cards
16

divergent thinking

ability to think “outside the box” to arrive at novel solutions to a problem

New cards
17

dyscalculia

learning disability that causes difficulty in learning or comprehending mathematics

New cards
18

dysgraphia

learning disability that causes extreme difficulty in writing legibly

New cards
19

dyslexia

common learning disability in which letters are not processed properly by the brain

New cards
20

emotional intelligence

ability to understand emotions and motivations in yourself and others

New cards
21

event schema

set of behaviors that are performed the same way each time; also referred to as a cognitive script

New cards
22

fluid intelligence

ability to see complex relationships and solve problems

New cards
23

Flynn effect

observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation

New cards
24

functional fixedness

inability to see an object as useful for any other use other than the one for which it was intended

New cards
25

heuristic

mental shortcut that saves time when solving a problem

New cards
26

hindsight bias

belief that the event just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t

New cards
27

intelligence quotient

(also, IQ) score on a test designed to measure intelligence

New cards
28

lexicon

the words of a given language

New cards
29

mental set

continually using an old solution to a problem without results

New cards
30

morpheme

smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning

New cards
31

Multiple Intelligences Theory

Gardner’s theory that each person possesses at least eight types of intelligence

New cards
32

natural concept

mental groupings that are created “naturally” through your experiences

New cards
33

norming

administering a test to a large population so data can be collected to reference the normal scores for a population and its groups

New cards
34

overgeneralization

extension of a rule that exists in a given language to an exception to the rule

New cards
35

phoneme

basic sound unit of a given language

New cards
36

practical intelligence

aka “street smarts”

New cards
37

prototype

best representation of a concept

New cards
38

range of reaction

each person’s response to the environment is unique based on their genetic make-up

New cards
39

representative bias

faulty heuristic in which you stereotype someone or something without a valid basis for your judgment

New cards
40

representative sample

subset of the population that accurately represents the general population

New cards
41

role schema

set of expectations that define the behaviors of a person occupying a particular role

New cards
42

semantics

process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words

New cards
43

standard deviation

measure of variability that describes the difference between a set of scores and their mean

New cards
44

standardization

method of testing in which administration, scoring, and interpretation of results are consistent

New cards
45

syntax

manner by which words are organized into sentences

New cards
46

trial and error

problem-solving strategy in which multiple solutions are attempted until the correct one is found

New cards
47

triarchic theory of intelligence

Sternberg’s theory of intelligence; three facets of intelligence: practical, creative, and analytical

New cards
48

working backwards

heuristic in which you begin to solve a problem by focusing on the end result

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 20 people
... ago
4.5(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 16 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 189 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 42 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 28 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 7 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 134 people
... ago
5.0(3)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (22)
studied byStudied by 8 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (93)
studied byStudied by 413 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (41)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (23)
studied byStudied by 9 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (36)
studied byStudied by 7 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (34)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (101)
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (53)
studied byStudied by 55 people
... ago
5.0(3)
robot