BJU Press Biology Chapter 6--Energy and Information in the Cell

autotrophs

can make their own food

heterotrophs

need to consume other organisms to make energy

anabolism

the way an organism gets its energy and stores it in cells through chemical processes

catabolism

how organisms use the stored energy to carry out life processes using chemical reactions

metabolism

the sum of the chemical processes used by an organism to get energy from food to grow and function

ATP

adenosine triphosphate

ADP

adenosine diphosphate

ATP + H2O = ???

ADP

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

what is DNA

a nucleic acid made from a chain of nucleotides that store information

base pairs

adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

what are base pairs

the different “rungs” on a DNA ladder

replication

when the DNA is unzipped and the matching nucleotides are found and attached

mutations

occur when a nucleotide is skipped, inserted, or deleted

RNA

ribonucleic acid

what is RNA

a single-strand nucleic acid

exons

sections of the RNA that code for proteins

introns

sections of the RNA transcript that don’t contain information about protein production and are cut out before transcription

translation

the process in which amino acids are assembled into proteins

anticodons

align with codons

codons

align with anticodons, provides the code for the amino acids during translation

RNA proteins

adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine