Studied by 0 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
kinetics
the study of rates of chemical reactions
rate
the change in concentration of a reactant or product per unit of time
average rate
how fast a reaction occurs over a long time period
instantaneous rate
how fast a reaction occurs at a given moment during a reaction
initial rate
how fast a reaction occurs at the start of the reaction
reaction order
sum of the powers (x+y)
half life
amount of time it takes for one half of a reactant to be used up in a chemical reaction
factors which affect reaction rate (molecular level)
frequency of collisions
orientation of molecules
energy needed for the reaction to take place (activation energy)
activation energy
minimum energy required for a reaction to take place
transition state (activated complex)
orientation of atoms at highest energy condition during a reaction (AB±)
arrhenius equation
rate constant is related to the temperature of a reaction
catalyst
a substance which is NOT part of the equation but affects the rate of reaction (lower activation energy)
mechanism
series of steps that add up to the stoichiometry of a reaction and explain the observed rate law for that reaction
elementary step
each of the reactions which combine to give the mechanisms
molecularity
number of “reactants” in the elementary step
rate-determining step
the slowest step in mechanism
intermediate
a chemical species which is created and used up in a reaction mechanism
equilibrium
condition where 2 opposite reactions occur at the same rate
reaction quotient (Q)
used to determine in which direction a reaction proceeds to establish equilibirum
lechatelier’s principle
if an external stress is applied to a system in equilibrium, the system reacts in such a way to partially relieve the stress
There is always connection between stoichiometry and the rate law
False
Rate laws always follow the format ^[ ] / ^t
True
The plot of time vs [A] is sometimes linear in a first order reaction
False
The plot of time vs 1 / [A] is always linear in a second order reaction
True
A mechanism involving a catalyst must be a __________ mechanism
Multistep
The rate-determining step is the _________ step
Slow or first
Catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the __________ energy
Activation
Increasing pressure
shifts to side with less moles
Increasing volume
Shifts to side with more moles
Adding a catalyst
No shift
