AP LANG RHETORICAL ANALYSIS DEVICES

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4 Terms

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Anaphora

  • One of the devices of repetition in which the same expression (word or words) is repeated at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences.  It is used to create a memorable powerful effect, to reinforce an idea through repetition. 

    • Examples

  • A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens: “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness”

  • Sonnet 66 by William Shakespeare: “And needy nothing trimm’d in jollity, And purest faith unhappily forsworn, And gilded honour shamefully misplac’d…”

The apartment was on the top floor-a small living-room, a small dining-room, a small bedroom, and a bath. From The Great Gatsby

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Anecdote

An anecdote is a short, engaging story or account of an incident, often drawn from personal experience. It is usually told to illustrate a point, entertain, or reveal something about the speaker or the subject of discussion.

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Antithesis

  • Figure of balance in which two contrasting ideas are intentionally juxtaposed, usually through parallel structure;  a contrasting of opposing ideas in adjacent phrases, clauses, or sentences.  Antithesis creates a definite and systematic relationship between ideas. 

  • Example: Excerpt from Theodore Roosevelt, “A Nation of Pioneers” -  "Not to strive after a life of ignoble ease, but to strive to do their duty,"  

  • Example: William Shakespeare, Hamlet - “Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice.”

  • Either events will transpire in Iago's favor and he will come out on top, or his treachery will be discovered, ruining him–from Othello

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Aphorism

  • A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle.  (If the authorship is unknown, the statement is generally considered to be a folk proverb.)  An aphorism can be a memorable summation of the author’s point. 

Examples

  • “Slow and steady wins the race.” - Moral of the fable The Tortoise and the Hare

  • “ The grass is always greener on the other side.” Attributed to the Greek poet, Ovid.