THE STUARTS AND THE CIVIL WAR

Who became the first Stuart king in England after Elizabeth I's death in 1603?

James I

James I based his rule on the theory of __________.

the divine right of kings

What significant action did James I take regarding England and Scotland?

He joined Scotland to England and Wales as one kingdom, Great Britain.

What year did the Gunpowder Plot occur?

1605

The Puritan party in Parliament held a __________ majority.

considerable

What was the major religious group that opposed the rites and bishops of the Church of England?

The Puritans

What was the main reason dissent was treated as treason during James I's reign?

The Church of England identified ‘uniformity’ with the security of the State.

Name one consequence of the Civil War that broke out in 1642.

The monarchy was abolished and replaced by a republic, the Commonwealth.

Who was the commander of the Parliamentarians during the Civil War?

Oliver Cromwell

What did Charles I refuse to do, leading to continuous clashes with Parliament?

He refused to give up the command of the armed forces.

What were the two opposing parties in the English Civil War?

The Royalists (Cavaliers) and the Parliamentarians (Roundheads).

The Royalists were primarily composed of __________, gentry, and officials of the Church of England.

lords

What did Oliver Cromwell do to the House of Lords after taking control of London?

He expelled or arrested more than 100 members.

What were the Puritan rules introduced under Oliver Cromwell's leadership?

Execution for adultery and abolition of popular pastimes.

What was the significance of the Navigation Acts passed in 1651?

They stated that all English imports had to be carried in ships owned by England.

What was abolished as a result of the Civil War and Cromwell's rule?

The monarchy

What year did the monarchy get restored after the end of the Protectorate?

1660

Who was invited to return from exile in France to restore the monarchy?

Charles II

What happened during Richard Cromwell's brief time in office?

The Parliament voted the end of the Protectorate.

What is the term used for extreme Protestants who aimed to purify the Church of England?

Puritans

What did James I do in 1605 regarding the Bible?

He authorized a new translation of the Bible.