Spinal Anatomy and Neuroanatomy Flashcards

Flashcards to review key concepts in spinal anatomy, neural development, motor and sensory pathways, and brain structures.

What does the ductus arteriosus become after birth?
a) ligamentum teres
b) ligamentum venosum
c) ligamentum arteriosum
d) median umbilical ligament

Ligamentum arteriosum

What does the umbilical vein become?
a) ligamentum teres
b) ligamentum venosum
c) ligamentum arteriosum
d) median umbilical ligament

Round ligament

From which part of the developing gut is the esophagus derived?
a) Foregut
b) Midgut
c) Hindgut
d) Cloaca

Foregut

From which part of the developing gut is the duodenum derived?
a) Foregut
b) Midgut
c) Hindgut
d) Cloaca

Midgut

From which embryonic structure is the sacral sympathetic chain derived?
a) Intermediate mesoderm
b) Lateral plate mesoderm
c) Neural tube
d) Neural crest

Neural crest

Which of the following is NOT derived from the neural plate:
a) Microglial cells
b) Neurons of the CNS
c) Neurons of the PNS
d) Retinal cells

Neurons of the PNS

Muscles of mastication involve which pharyngeal arch?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

1

Where in the body do we find ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
a) capillaries
b) vas deferens
c) trachea
d) lungs

Trachea

What is the correct order for the anterior spinothalamic pathway?
a) Post root ganglion, substantia gelatinosa, post lateral nucleus
b) Post root ganglion, dorsal column nuclei, VPL
c) Post root ganglion, cuneate tubercle, VPL
d) post root ganglion, gracile tubercle, VPL

Post root ganglion, substantia gelatinosa, post lateral nucleus

What type of sensory information does the spinothalamic tract primarily deal with?
a) Vibration
b) Proprioception
c) Pain and temperature
d) Fine touch

Pain and temperature

Is the postcentral gyrus sensory, motor, or sensory-motor?
a) Sensory
b) Motor
c) Sensory-motor
d) Neither

Sensory

What is a common sign of a lower motor neuron lesion?
a) Spasticity
b) Clonus
c) Fasciculations
d) Hyperreflexia

Fasciculations

What effect does an upper motor neuron lesion have on superficial reflexes?
a) Increase in superficial reflexes
b) Decrease in superficial reflexes
c) No change in superficial reflexes
d) Superficial reflexes are unaffected

Decrease in superficial reflexes

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?
a) Vagus
b) Phrenic
c) Intercostal
d) Accessory

Phrenic

Does a peripheral nerve have myelinated axons, unmyelinated axons, multi axons, or oligodendrocytes?
a) myelinated axons
b) unmyelinated axons
c) multi axons
d) oligodendrocytes

Myelinated axons

Where are bipolar cells found?
a) Olfactory epithelium
b) Dorsal root ganglia
c) Retina and vestibular nerves
d) Spinal cord

Retina and vestibular nerves

Which is an ascending unconscious tract?
a) Anterior spinothalamic
b) Lateral corticospinal
c) Posterior Spinocerebellar
d) Anterior corticospinal

Posterior Spinocerebellar

What type of sensory information does the dorsal column pathway primarily deal with?
a) Pain and temperature
b) Light touch
c) Vibration
d) Pressure

Vibration

Where does the spinal cord typically terminate in adults?
a) T12-L1
b) L1-L2
c) L2-L3
d) S1-S2

L1-L2

The cauda equina terminates as?
a) dura mater
b) pia mater
c) arschnoid mater
d) dentate ligaments

Arachnoid mater

What is the "horse tail" structure that terminates after the spinal cord called?
a) Filum terminale
b) Conus medullaris
c) Cauda equina
d) Coccygeal ligament

Cauda equina

What is the primary motor cortex?
a) Precentral gyrus
b) Postcentral gyrus
c) Superior temporal gyrus
d) Inferior frontal gyrus

Precentral gyrus

What is the main pathway between the thalamus and cortex?
a) Internal capsule
b) Corona radiata
c) Thalamocortical radiations
d) Cerebral peduncles

Thalamocortical radiations

What is the primary function of the thalamus?
a) Motor coordination
b) Sensory integration and relay center
c) Memory consolidation
d) Regulation of autonomic functions

Integrations in relay center

Which cells form myelin in the central nervous system?
a) Schwann cells
b) Oligodendrocytes
c) Astrocytes
d) Microglia

Oligodendrocytes

Which cells form myelin in the peripheral nervous system?
a) Schwann
b) Oligodendrocytes
c) Astrocytes
d) Microglia

Schwann

Which cells are the most numerous in the central nervous system?
a) Microglia
b) Oligodendrocytes
c) Astrocytes
d) Ependymal cells

Astrocyte

Most neurons in the central nervous system are?
a) Unipolar
b) Bipolar
c) Multipolar
d) Pseudounipolar

Multipolar

Which neurons connect within the lower centers to the cerebral cortex?
a) Association
b) Commissural
c) Projection
d) Interneurons

Projection

What does the umbilical artery become after birth?
a) Medial umbilical ligament
b) Lateral umbilical ligament
c) Ligamentum teres
d) Ligamentum venosum

Medial umbilical ligament

What secondary vesicle is associated with thallus formation?
a) Telencephalon
b) Diencephalon
c) Mesencephalon
d) Metencephalon

Diencephalon

What structure develops from the metencephalon?
a) thalamus
b) forebrain
c) midbrain
d) cerebrum

Pons

Which part of the brain is responsible for striatal lesions (tremors) ex) Parkinsons Disease?
a) Cerebellum
b) Basal Ganglia
c) Hippocampus
d) Amygdala

Basal Ganglia

Which cranial nerves includes the myelencephalon?

A.3,4

B.6,7,8,9

C.5,6,7,8

D. 9,10,11,12

9, 10, 11, 12

The lateral ventricles are located in the?

A. Metencephalon

B. Forebrain

C. Diencephalon

D. Midbrain

Diancephalon

Damage in _____ can cause striatal lesions?

Basal ganglia

The 4th ventrical are located in the?

Metencephalon