Making salts

Filtration

Separates insoluble solid from a liquid

Crystallisation

The formation of crystals (as solvent evaporates from solution)

Filtrate

Liquid that has passed through a filter

Residue

The insoluble solid left in the filter paper

Advantage of heating a reaction

Speeds the reaction up

Making salt from acid+base

Reacting an excess of insoluble base with an acid, filter off excess base

Making a salt from acid+metal

React an excess of metal with an acid, filter off excess metal

Making salt from acid+alkali

Use titration with an indicator to find the amount alkali to neutralise the acid, repeat without indicator to make a pure sample

Making pure dry crystals

Crystallisation then pat crystals dry between two pieces of filter paper

Advantage of a water bath

Heats gently, allowing water to evaporate slowly

Indicator

A compound that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base

Pipette

A glass or plastic tube used to accurately measure liquid

Burette

A graduated glass tube with a tap at one end, for delivering known volumes of a liquid

Making salt from an acid and an alkali

Use a titration to find the amounts of acid and alkali, repeat without indicator, evaporate water