ap-bio unit 1 guided notes 1

col 1; order

the pattern or structure on something which allows for a function to take place; for example the layers of the skin which protect the body and provide various functions such as sensation and barrier protection.

col 2; energy processing

the method which organisms obtain energy and how they use it. for example a plant takes energy from the sun and converts it into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

col 3; growth and development

the process by which organisms increase in size and complexity over time. This includes cells multiplying and dividing which creates more abilities to emerge

col 4; response to environment

how a living thing responds to something; ex a bird will fly away once it hears you

col 5; reproduction

the creation of offspring which inherit your genes

col 6; regulation

how your body subconsciously controls itself 24/7; example blood regulation, temperature stability

col 7; evolutionary adaptation

as a species keeps on surviving their characteristics will change based on what promoted survival and those traits will stay. happens over 100s-1000s of years.

emergent properties

characteristics of life/functions which emerge as you get less broad/a more complex system as many more parts are working together. for example an egg will have less properties compared to a bird bc the bird has many different parts working together to allow it to do certain things like fly.

structure and function

the structure shape or design of something which allows for a function to take place; ex a turtles shell protects it when it gets scared

prokaryotic vs eukARYOTIC CELL

a prokaryotic cell is smaller when compared to a eukaryotic cell and doesnt contain any closed membrane organelles, whereas a eukaryotic cell is much bigger and does contain closed membrane organelles. prokaryotic cells have no nucleus

dna genes proteins nucleotides

all living organisms contain cells which have chromosomes and these chromosomes are made up of 2 helix dna strands. These dna strands contain the genetic information which is made up of 4 types of nucleotides (A,C,T,G) and these nucleotides then tell the body which proteins to make, and these proteins help decide what the body can do. its importnt to note that all organisms use the same gentic codes just having variances based on the nucleotide sequence

universality of dna and how it leads to unity and diversity

universality of dna comes from the fact all organisms have the same genetic code only varying on what order the code comes in, and this leads to unity as a makes a sense of similarity as all organisms are very alike but leads to diversity as it allows for so many different types of organisms to be present

desribe how energy and chemicals (matter) move through an ecosystem

energy moves through an ecosystem one way; entering usally as sunlight and exiting as heat

chemical/matter moves continuously in a closed loop; example carbon dioxide is constantly being released and absorbed, whether by humans or machines and absorbed by plants

negative vs pos feedback

a negative feedback loop is when the body tries to reverse a stimulus; ex your blood sugar is high so your body does things to reduce your levels of it

a pos feedback loop is when your body speeds up a change; ex when your blood clots your body sends signals to create more clots

evolution

the change in genetic makeup of a population over generations driven by things like natural selection

natural selection

those with fit traits that help them survive are more likely to reproduce so on so forth and overtime these advantageous traits become more common in a population