ATI TEAS: GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down

carbohydrates in the mouth?

A) Lipase

B) Amylase

C) Trypsin

D) Pepsin

Amylase

The process by which digested nutrients pass into the

blood vessels in the wall of the intestine is called:

A) Digestion

B) Propulsion

C) Absorption

D) Defecation

Absorption

Which hormone stimulates the gallbladder to release bile?

A) Gastrin

B) Insulin

C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)

D) Glucagon

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

The stomach's primary role in digestion is:

A) Absorption of nutrients

B) Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

C) Production of insulin

D) Absorption of water and electrolytes

Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

Which section of the GI tract is primarily responsible for

water absorption?

A) Stomach

B) Small intestine

C) Large intestine

D) Esophagus

Large intestine

Bile is produced by the ______ and stored in the ______.

A) Liver; gallbladder

B) Gallbladder; pancreas

C) Pancreas; liver

D) Stomach; intestines

Liver; gallbladder

Which hormone decreases blood sugar levels by allowing

cells to take in glucose?

A) Gastrin

B) Glucagon

C) Cholecystokinin

D) Insulin

Insulin

The primary function of the pyloric sphincter is to:

A) Regulate passage of food from the esophagus to the stomach

B) Control the flow of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine

C) Facilitate the release of bile

D) Propel food through the esophagus

Control the flow of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine

In which section of the small intestine does the majority

of digestion and absorption occur?

A) Duodenum

B) Jejunum

C) Ileum

D) Cecum

Duodenum

The process of breaking down food into smaller pieces

without chemical change is known as:

A) Chemical digestion

B) Mechanical digestion

C) Absorption

D) Propulsion

Mechanical digestion

Which hormone is released by the pancreas to raise blood

sugar levels by stimulating the liver to convert glycogen to glucose?

A) Gastrin

B) Insulin

C) Glucagon

D) Cholecystokinin

Glucagon

The process by which food is moved through the digestive

tract by alternating contractions and relaxations of smooth muscles is called:

A) Peristalsis

B) Mastication

C) Absorption

D) Deglutition

Peristalsis

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down proteins in

the stomach?

A) Amylase

B) Pepsin

C) Lipase

D) Nuclease

Pepsin

The ring of muscles at the end of the large intestine that

controls the passage of feces out of the body is the:

A) Pyloric sphincter

B) Ileocecal valve

C) Anal sphincter

D) Cardiac sphincter

Anal sphincter

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the liver?

A) Producing bile

B) Filtering toxins from the blood

C) Absorbing water and electrolytes

D) Storing vitamins and iron

Absorbing water and electrolytes

Which enzyme, produced by the pancreas, is responsible

for breaking down fats in the small intestine?

A) Pepsin

B) Pancreatic amylase

C) Pancreatic lipase

D) Ribonuclease

Pancreatic lipase

The first portion of the large intestine, which connects to

the small intestine, is known as:

A) Cecum

B) Rectum

C) Ascending colon

D) Sigmoid colon

Cecum

Which hormone stimulates the secretion of gastric juices

in response to food entering the stomach?

A) Insulin

B) Secretin

C) Gastrin

D) Glucagon

Gastrin

The function of bile in the digestive process is to:

A) Neutralize stomach acid

B) Break down carbohydrates

C) Emulsify fats for digestion

D) Stimulate peristalsis

Emulsify fats for digestion

The primary function of the esophagus is to:

A) Secrete digestive enzymes

B) Absorb nutrients

C) Transport food from the mouth to the stomach

D) Store ingested food

Transport food from the mouth to the stomach

Which of the following is NOT a primary secretion of the

pancreas?

A) Bile

B) Insulin

C) Glucagon

D) Pancreatic juice

Bile

The final segment of the colon before the rectum is the:

A) Ascending colon

B) Transverse colon

C) Descending colon

D) Sigmoid colon

Sigmoid colon

The stomach lining is protected from the acidic gastric

juices by:

A) Bicarbonate ions

B) Mucus secretion

C) Insulin secretion

D) Production of pepsin

Mucus secretion

The elimination of undigested food and waste from the

body is known as:

A) Absorption

B) Defecation

C) Digestion

D) Propulsion

Defecation

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release

of pancreatic juice and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid?

A) Gastrin

B) Secretin

C) Cholecystokinin

D) Insulin

Secretin

Mechanical digestion begins in which part of the

digestive system?

A) Stomach

B) Small intestine

C) Mouth

D) Esophagus

Mouth

The process by which food is moved from the pharynx to

the stomach is known as:

A) Mastication

B) Peristalsis

C) Deglutition

D) Absorption

Deglutition

Which enzyme, present in the small intestine, breaks

down maltose into glucose?

A) Peptidase

B) Nuclease

C) Maltase

D) Lactase

Maltase

The absorption of most nutrients, including amino acids

and monosaccharides, primarily takes place in the:

A) Stomach

B) Large intestine

C) Esophagus

D) Small intestine

Small intestine

Which hormone, produced by the alpha cells of the

pancreas, acts to raise blood glucose levels?

A) Gastrin

B) Secretin

C) Insulin

D) Glucagon

Glucagon

The primary function of cholecystokinin (CCK) released

from the small intestine is to:

A) Stimulate the stomach to release gastric juices

B) Trigger the pancreas to release insulin

C) Signal the liver to produce bile

D) Cause the gallbladder to release stored bile

Cause the gallbladder to release stored bile

The finger-like projections that increase the surface area

in the small intestine, allowing for increased absorption of nutrients, are known as:

A) Rugae

B) Villi

C) Plicae circulares

D) Alveoli

Villi

Which enzyme, secreted by the stomach, is activated by

hydrochloric acid and is essential for protein digestion?

A) Lipase

B) Amylase

C) Pepsin

D) Nuclease

Pepsin

The muscular ring located at the end of the esophagus

that prevents the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus is the:

A) Pyloric sphincter

B) Ileocecal valve

C) Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

D) Anal sphincter

Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

Which phase of digestion involves the voluntary process

of placing food into the mouth?

A) Segmentation

B) Ingestion

C) Absorption

D) Peristalsis

Ingestion