Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry Overview

Flashcards summarizing key terms and definitions related to glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway.

Glycolysis

A series of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions that convert glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH.

Gluconeogenesis

The metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from certain non-carbohydrate precursors.

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

A metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis that generates NADPH and pentoses (5-carbon sugars).

Hexokinase

An enzyme that phosphorylates glucose, converting it into glucose 6-phosphate during the first step of glycolysis.

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

A key intermediate in glycolysis that splits into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

Pyruvate kinase

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate, generating ATP.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

The energy currency of the cell, produced during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

A cofactor that functions as an electron carrier, produced during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

Lactate

A product of anaerobic metabolism of pyruvate in muscles and certain microorganisms.

Enolase

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate, an important step in glycolysis.