CNA: QUIZ 1 PREP: C6

WHAT ARE BODY MECHANICS?

How we keep our body alignment to prevent hurting ourselves

Remember to keep feet apart and bend with your knees.

Elderly are at higher risk of..

falls

Why are elderly at higher risk of falls?

• Weakened bones

• Dementia (disorientation)

• Mental disabilities

• Muscle atrophy

• Weakness from illness

• Diminished sense (sense of hearing and sense of sight can make it harder) (people who have diminished senses are less aware of their surroundings and more likely to fall)

• Some medicines
  
  

Crutches, walkers, canes, boots: people who use these aides are at higher risk of falling

Paraplegia

lower half of the body paralyzed

Quadriplegia

paralysis of the limbs

(REMEMBER THAT QUAD MEANS 4, AND WE HAVE 4 LIMBS)

Hemiplegia

Complete or partial side of the body is paralyzed

WHAT IN THE ENVIORNMENT CAN INCREASE THE RISK OF FALLS?

-Clutter

-Throw rugs

-Exposed electrical cords

-Slippery or wet floors

-Uneven floors or stairs

-Poor lighting

-Call lights that are out of reach or not promptly answered

YOU HAVE TO KEEP THIS CLEAR

YOU MUST ALWAYS LOCK THE WHEELCHAIR

HOW TO DECREASE RISK OF FALLS?

• clear all walkways of clutter, trash, throw rugs, and cords

• if rugs or mats are used, they should have a nonslip backing

• have residents wear nonskid, sturdy shoes. Make sure shoelaces are tied

• Residents should not wear clothing that is too long or drags on the floor

• Keep personal items that are used often close to residents, including call lights

• Answer call lights right away

• Immediately clean up spills on the floor

• Report loose handrails immediately

• Mark uneven flooring or stairs with tape or contrasting to indicate a hazard

• Improve lighting when needed

• Lock wheels and move footrests out of the way before helping residents into or out of the wheelchair

Scalds

are burns caused by hot liquids

GUIDELINES FOR PREVENTING BURNS AND SCALDS

• Always check water temperature with water thermometer (if available) or on the side of your wrist before using

• Immediately report frayed electrical cords or appliances that look unsafe

• Let residents know when you are about to pour or set down a hot liquid

• Poour hot drinks away from residents

• Make sure residents arre sitting down before serving them hot drinks

• IF PLATE WARMERS OR OTHER EQIO[MENT TJAY PRODUCE HEAT ARE USED, MONITOR THEM CAREFULLY

A resident MUST ALWAYS be identified

BEFORE GIVING CARE OR SERVICE OR FOOD

BEFORE CHECKING VITALS SIGNS

Confirm who the person is

WHEN GIVING A MEAL TRAY:

• Knock on the door first, ask for their name (and look at their id name), and THEN give them the meal tray

A RESTRAINT

is a physical or chemical way to restrict voluntary movement of bheavior

Holding someone down, preventing their freedom of movement

IF IT IS AN EMERGENCY, SUCH AS IF THE DOCTOR GIVES AN ORDER TO RESTRAIN THEM

YOU MAY ONLY RESTRAIN SOMEONE WITH A DOCTOR’S WRITTEN CONSENT

Restraints are only used as a last resort

An unconscious/confused resident cannot tell you if they have pain

You should walk them around and help them give movement

ONLY IF A DOCTOR ORDERS IT, THEY MAY BE RESTRAINED. YOU CANT DO RESTRAINMENT WITHOUT ORDER

PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS WITH RESTRAINTS

• Suffocation

• Reduced blood citculation

• Pressure injuries

• Stress on the heart

• Blood clots

• Constipation

• Muscle atrophy

• Incontinence

Eventually, it can even cause death

NOW WHAT ARE THE ALTERNATIVES TO RESTRAINTS?

• MAKE SURE CALL-LIGHTS ARE WITHIN REACH

• PROVIDE ACTIVITIES FOR THOSE WHO WANDER AT NIGHT: THEY MAY NEED PHYSICAL ENGAGEMENT: PROMOTE INDEPENDENCE

• HELP WITH ELIMINATION NEEDS

• HAVE A DISTRACTION: PLAY THEIR FAVORITE MUSIC OR SONG FROM THEIR TIME

 oxygen

 is highly flammable

The oxygen in use sign:

 is used to keep people aware: you cant smoke nor keep a lighter near the oxygen

OXYGEN SCENARIO:

Someone’s 75 year old birthday, theyre on oxygen and want to blow out a candle for their birthday.

Turn off the oxygen. You can turn it off for a few minutes. Take the tubes out of their nostrils and put it on later.

REMEMBER TO REMOVE ALL FIRE HAZARDS WHEN

OXYGEN IS IN USE

The patient cant come to the kitchen when oxygen is in use

The patient cant come to the kitchen when

oxygen in use

BEFORE TRANSFERRING A RESIDENT:

USE WEAVERS

• W - Wash your hands to prevent the spread of infection.

• E - Equipment: Gather all necessary supplies (e.g., gait belt, slide sheet, walker) and ensure they are in working order.

• A - Announce: Knock on the door, identify yourself by name and title, and greet the resident.

• V - Verify: Check the resident’s identification bracelet to verify you have the correct patient.

• E - Explain the procedure clearly so the resident knows what to expect and how to help.

• R - Respect privacy by closing doors and curtains.'

• S - Safety: Lock the bed or wheelchair wheels, adjust the bed to a comfortable working height, and ensure the resident has non-skid footwear

COMPLICATIONS OF IMMOBILITY:

• PRESSURE ULCERS ARE THE MOST COMMON (AND CAN BE VERY BAD)

• WRINKLED BED SHEETS (IT CAN EVEN BE BAD WHEN PRESSED ON THE TOES)

• CONTRACTURES: OCCUR WHEN A JOINT IS HELD IN THE SAME POSITION FOR TOO LONG

• LOSS OF CALCIUM MAKES A PERSON EVEN MORE FRAGILE, BRITTLE BONES

• RESPIRATORY COMPLICATIONS INCLUDE DECREASED OXYGENATION (can be bad for circulation, which can also lead to pneumonia)

• IMMOBILITY CAN ALSO LEAD TO BLOOD CLOTS: which can lead to heart attack or stroke

HOW DO WE PREVENT PRESSURE ULCERS?:

 REPOSITION THE PERSON EVERY 2 HOURS!!!!

RESPIRATORY COMPLICATIONS

• DECREASED OXYGENATION (can be bad for circulation, which can also lead to pneumonia)

• IMMOBILITY CAN ALSO LEAD TO BLOOD CLOTS:

• which can lead to heart attack or stroke

BODY MECHANICS: ABC

A - alignment: good alignment keeps in good position

B - balance: wide base of support at feet: your center of gravity is at your torso

C- coordinating movement: using the weight of your body to help with movement

Using good body mechanics is important, especially when lifting heavy residents.

You can get injury to your back as a CNA, if you don’t use good body mechanics.

A - alignment:

good alignment keeps in good position

B - balance:

wide base of support at feet: your center of gravity is at your torso

C- coordinating movement:

using the weight of your body to help with movement

ASSIST DEVICES FOR HEALTHCARE WORKERS TO LIFT RESIDENTS

• These assist devices can help with the resident’s independence

• Leaving one side rail up to let the resident grab

• Trapeze bar to allow the resident to grab overhead

TIPS FOR HEAVY LIFTING:

• Ask for assistance with heavy lifting

• Place your body as close as possible to the person or object you are trying to lift

• Always plan the lift

• Always use the appropriate assistive device

• Remember to bend your knees and face the person you are helping up

MOVING A PERSON UP IN BED

• You may want to use a lift sheet

• Make sure the body is positioned at a good height

• MAKE SURE THE WHEELS OF THE BED ARE LOCKED

(you can give them a trapeze bar or side rail to hold)

OR WITH THE ASSISTANCE WITH A CO-WORKER: stand at the side of the bed, opposite to your co-worker, with your legs slightly apart

WHEN ROLLING THE SHEET: (I took a photo)

• Then move the person up towards the head of the bed

• Then reposition the pillow

TURNING A PERSON ONTO THE SIDE

• Position the bed at a comfortable working height to protect the bed

• Stand at the bed with your knees slightly bended

• Move the person towards you (first upper side, then down side

• Let the person grab the side rail and roll the sheet thing from the back

• Make sure the clothing and bed linen underneath the person are smooth

HOW TO PERFORM LOGROLLING:

To keep a person’s body aligned while rolling: usually for people with spinal injuries

• Position the bed at a comfortable working height to protect your back

• Lower the side rails that you’ll be working

• Fold the blanket down to the 

Make sure to keep the person’s head and spine aligned

WHEN YOU FINISH POSITIONING A RESIDENT: REMEMBER ALSO, wash, document

A: alignment,

L: Call-light

S: Safety (make sure wheels are locked and side rails up),

O: Open,

—-  Wash, Document

WHY ARE ELDELY MORE LIKELY TO FALL:

• Confusion

• Medication

• Weakness

What accident occurs most frequently in longterm facilities:

falls

What must do before serving meal trays?:

• Knock on the door

• Introduce self

• Check that the meal tray matches the name as the person

6. Guidelines for working safely around oxygen?:

• no cigarrettes near oxygen

• no fire hazards around oxygen

10. What are restraint alternatives?

Distractions (music, letting them do an activity they like), having activities

#. How do you lift objects?

You must bend your knees

WHAT IS BODY MECHANICS?

Body alignment

When you roll the patient on the side, ENSURE THAT THEIR BODY ALIGNMENT IS MAINTAINED

The joints in our spine that help us bend