Psychological Disorders and Therapies Flashcards

Flashcards covering psychological disorders, diagnostic criteria, and various psychotherapeutic and biomedical treatment approaches based on lecture notes.

What are Anxiety Disorders?

A group of disorders characterized by excessive fear and anxiety and related maladaptive behaviors.

How is Social Anxiety Disorder defined?

Intense fear and avoidance of social situations.

What characterizes Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

What is Panic Disorder?

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes long episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.

How is OCD defined in the transcript?

Unwanted and repetitive thoughts (obsessions) actions (compulsions) or both.

What timeframe is required for symptoms to be classified as PTSD?

Symptoms such as haunting memories and insomnia must linger for 4 weeks or more after a traumatic experience.

What define Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders?

A group of disorders in which exposure to a traumatic or stressful event is followed by psychological distress.

What is Somatic Symptom Disorder?

A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause.

What was Illness Anxiety Disorder formerly called?

Hypochondriasis.

What are the duration and symptom requirements for Major Depressive Disorder?

A person experiences 5 or more symptoms lasting 2 or more weeks.

What are the two mandatory symptoms for Major Depressive Disorder (one of which must be present)?

(1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.

What is the core definition of Depressive Disorders?

A group of disorders characterized by an enduring sad, empty, or irritable mood, along with physical and cognitive changes that affect a person’s ability to function.

What was Bipolar Disorders formerly known as?

Manic-depressive disorder.

What characterizes the state of Mania?

An unusually exciting and overly ambitious mood state in which people show dangerously poor judgment, less need for sleep, and increased energy.

Define Rumination.

Compulsive fretting; overthinking our problems and their causes.

What are the symptoms of Schizophrenia?

Disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression.

What is a Psychotic Disorder?

A group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality.

Define Delusion as it relates to psychotic disorders.

A false belief, often of persecution or grandeur.

What is Chronic Schizophrenia also referred to as?

Process schizophrenia.

What occurs as people with Chronic Schizophrenia age?

Psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten.

What is Acute Schizophrenia also called?

Reactive schizophrenia.

Which form of Schizophrenia offers a much higher likelihood of recovery?

Acute Schizophrenia.

Define Dissociative Disorders.

A controversial, rare group of disorders characterized by a disruption of or discontinuity in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, and behavior.

What was Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) formerly called?

Multiple personality disorder.

When do Personality Disorders typically begin?

In adolescence or early adulthood.

How is Antisocial Personality Disorder described?

A personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing; the individual may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

What characterizes Anorexia Nervosa?

Maintaining a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight, accompanied by an inaccurate self-perception and sometimes excessive exercise.

How is Bulimia Nervosa defined?

Binge eating followed by weight-loss-promoting behavior, such as vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.

What is Binge-Eating Disorder?

Significant binge-eating episodes followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without compensatory behavior such as purging.

Define Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Central nervous system developmental differences (usually in the brain) that start in childhood and alter thinking and behavior.

What IQ score is associated with Intellectual Developmental Disorder?

An intelligence test score of $70$ or below.

What are the characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Limitations in communication and social interaction, alongside rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors.

What does ADHD stand for and what are its symptoms?

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity.

What is Psychotherapy?

Treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to address difficulties or achieve growth.

What is Biomedical Therapy?

Prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology.

What is the Eclectic Approach?

An approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy.

What was Sigmund Freud’s theory of personality called?

Psychoanalysis.

Define Resistance in the context of psychoanalysis.

The blocking from consciousness of unpleasant or anxiety-laden material.

Define Interpretation in psychoanalysis.

The analyst’s noting of dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight and growth.

What is Transference?

In psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships such as love or hatred for a parent.

What is the goal of Insight Therapy?

To improve psychological functioning by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses.

Who developed Person-Centered Therapy?

Carl Rogers.

What is Active Listening?

Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and seeks clarification; a primary feature of Rogers' therapy.

What is Unconditional Positive Regard?

A caring, accepting, and nonjudgmental attitude used to help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance.

Define Counterconditioning in behavior therapy.

Procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli triggering unwanted behaviors.

What is Systematic Desensitization?

A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli.

Define Aversive Conditioning.

A process that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol).

What is a Token Economy?

An operant conditioning procedure where people earn tokens for desired behaviors and later exchange them for privileges or treats.

What is Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?

A popular integrative therapy that combines changing thinking (cognitive) with changing behavior (behavior).

What is Dissociative fugue?

A rare psychiatric state involving sudden, unexpected travel or wandering, combined with complete or partial amnesia regarding personal identity and past.