BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM

Match the phylum: COMB JELLY

Ctenophora

Match the phylum: SEA STAR, SEA URCHIN

Echinodermata

Match the phylum: BOX JELLY, HYDRA

Cnidaria

Match the phylum: CRAB, BUTTERFLY

Arthropoda

Match the phylum: TAPEWORM

Platyhelminthes

Match the phylum: TUNICATE, LAMPREY

Chordata

Match the phylum: CESTODE

Platyhelminthes

Match the phylum: MOSS ANIMAL

Ectoprocta

Match the phylum: MILLIPEDE, TICK

Arthropoda

Match the phylum: CRANIATE

Chordata

Match the phylum: HUMAN, SHARK

Chordata

Match the phylum: ROUNDWORM

Nematoda

Match the phylum: TREMATODE

Platyhelminthes

Match the phylum: BRITTLE STAR, CRINOID

Echinodermata

Match the phylum: EARTHWORM

Annelida

Match the phylum: SCORPOIN, BEETLE

Arthropoda

Match the phylum: OYSTER, SQUID

Mollusca

Match the phylum: TURTLE, SALAMANDER

Chordata

Match the phylum: LEECH

Annelida

Match the phylum: MONOGENEAN

Platyhelminthes

These cells create small openings in sponges:

Porocytes

All Metazoans are:

Eukaryotic, heterotrophic, and have animal cells

Spongin is synthesized in:

Spongocytes

These are biomolecules that are not necessary for the physiology of the organisms, and in sponges are used as toxins:

Secondary Metabolites

Anthozoans:

Only have a polyp stage

What are the stinging structures that Cnidarians use to capture prey?

Nematocysts

Benthic refers to:

Living on the bottom

The coelom of coelomate animals is:

The body cavity surrounding the digestive cavity

An individual in a Bryozoan colony is called?

Zooid

What characteristic do Platyhelminthes and Cnidaria have in common?

Gastrovascular cavity

Which two phyla have a lophophore feeding structure?

Ectoprocta and Brachiopoda

This Class of Animals does not include endoparasites:

Cephalopoda

Most species of this Annelid Class are haemophagic parasites or predators:

Hirudinea

Which Class includes snails and slugs?

Gastropoda

Ecdysis is:

moulting, shedding of the cuticle layer, and a process that happens between insect instars

Using fossils to date the age of geologic layers in known as:

Biostratigraphy

Many introduced invasive marine species have likely resulted from?

ship ballast water

Which phylum has jointed appendages?

Arthropoda

Echinoderms have:

madreporites

These two phyla have ecdysis:

Nematoda and Arthropoda

Which two parasitic phyla are known to control their host’s behavior?

Nematomorpha and Acanthocephala

Developmentally, Deuterostomes exhibit:

radial clevage, enterocoelous formation of the coelom, anus from blastopore

Four defining characteristics of chordates are:

notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits/clefts, post-anal tail

This diverse vertabrate class has rouphly the same number of freshwater and marine species:

Actinopterygii

Which fins are homologous to the limbs of tetrapods?

Pectoral and pelvic fins

Where are most species of Actinopterygians found?

There are roughly equal numbers of species in Marine and Freshwater

Many rays and skates feed extensively on hard shelled organisms like mollusks. This is and example of:

Durophagy

The following group of mammals lay shelled eggs:

Monotremes

Which is a difference between marsupial and eutherian mammals?

relative brain case size

Which groups are osteichthyans?

Actinopterygii

Match the meaning: platy

Flat

Match the meaning: cephala

Head

Match the meaning: sclero

Hard

Match the meaning: cyte

Cell

Match the meaning: poda

Foot

Metazoa means

Animals

Animal with “true tissues” or tissue layers

Eumetazoa

Gives rise to outer covering, nervous system, components in some phyla, inner ear, and lens of eye

Ectoderm

Gives rise to liver, pancreas, lungs, and lining of the digestive tract

Endoderm

Can be separated in many ways and always has symmetry

Radial Symmetry

Can only be separated down one line of symmetry

Bilaterial Symmetry

Diploblastic animals have

Exoderm and endoderm; two tissue layers

Triploblastic animals have

Ectoderm, mesoderm, exoderm; three tissue layers

Gives rise to notochord, lining of coelom, muscles, skeleton, gonads, kidneys, and most of the circulatory system

Mesoderm

Where do these derive from?

• Skin epidermis: Outer layer of the skin, including hair and nails 

• Nervous system: Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves 

• Sensory epithelium of eyes, ears, and nose 

• Enamel of teeth

Ectoderm

Where do these derive from?

• Muscles: Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle

• Connective tissue: Bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments

• Blood and blood vessels

• Kidneys

• Gonads (ovaries and testes)

Mesoderm

Where do these derive from?

• Gastrointestinal tract lining: Stomach, intestines

• Respiratory tract lining: Lungs, trachea, bronchi

• Liver and pancreas

• Thyroid and parathyroid glands

• Epithelial lining of the urinary bladder

Endoderm

Body cavity between the mesodermal layer and the digestive tract in Coelomates

Coelom

Which body plan is this?

• One tube on the inside: digestive tube

• A tube around the digestive tube: creates the coelom (gap)

• Has cavities inside the mesodermal layer

• Has body covering

Coelomate Body Plan

Which body plan is this?

• One tube on the inside: digestive tube (endoderm)

• Tube around the digestive tube (mesoderm)

• Has no cavities

• Has body covering (ectoderm)

Acoelomate Body Plan

Which body plan is this?

• Fluid-filled cavity 

• Not fully lined by mesoderm

• Triploblastic development

• Examples of animals: Nematodes (roundworms), rotifers. 

Pseudocoelomate Body Plan

specialized feeding structure that filters food particles from the water; looks like a bunch of tentacles

Lophophore

an animal derived from another budding or division

Zooid

tube that food and water pass through to be digested, absorbed, and expelled

Alimentary Canal

larvae that scoots in water and has cilia that propels it

Trochophore

reversible and retractable “nose” that can grab food or propel Nemertea

Proboscis

small hairs that help with moving and traction for annelids

Cetae

dividing wall (within annelids, that surrounds the internal organs)

Septum

soil moves through worms that change the composition of the soil

Soil Cycling

an animal which feeds on dead organic material

Detritivore

cetae used for traction, like feet

Parapodia

What does this describe?

high pressure, no light, very low temperature

Environment of the Deep Sea

metric of the mass of something (living) in a given environment

Biomass

organisms that exist around colonizing rare events like big whales falling to the bottom of the ocean

Whale Fall Communities

animals that consume or feed on blood

Haemophagic

anticoagulant protein; prevents blood from clotting

Hirudin

live under (or within) the bottom

Infaunal

hard parts inside of the mouth; infused with magnetite

Radula

one of the strongest substances any animal can make

Magnetite (Fe₃O₂)

the material that makes up the hard parts of arthropods and some fungi

Chitin

organ that secretes calcium carbonate to make shells

Mantle

where water flows into animals like sponges

Incurrent Siphon

where water flows out animals like sponges

Excurrent Siphon

filter that catches nutrients

Gills

organ that holds a solution made of melanin and mucus that cephalopods can secrete for protection (like a smoke screen)

Ink Sac

using organisms that are in rock to see how that rock correlates with other rocks or to find how far oil, water, diamonds, etc.

Biostratigraphy

crystal like, reflective layer of calcium carbonate (mother of pearl)

Nacre Layer (Argonite Crystals)

species not native to an area that are prolific and reproducing at a fast rate

Invasive Species

water taken and released by ships to change the buoyancy of the ship; transports many species

Ballast Water

molting of the cuticle layer

Ecdysis