Fundamentals of Computer Science: Data Representation and Manipulation

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from the lecture on data representation and manipulation in computer science.

Analogue information

Continuously variable data that represents physical processes like eyesight and hearing.

A/D converter

A device that converts analogue signals into digital data.

Sampling rate

The number of samples taken per second to represent an audio signal.

Resolution

The number of pixels contained in an image, determining the detail visible.

Colour Depth

The number of bits used to represent the colour of a pixel.

Two's Complement

A method for representing signed numbers in binary where the first bit indicates sign.

Arithmetic Overflow

Occurs when a calculation exceeds the maximum size of a register, leading to incorrect results.

Floating Point Format

A method of representing real numbers that allows for a wide range of values.

Mantissa

The significand part of a floating-point number, representing the precision.

ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit)

A component of the CPU that performs arithmetic and logic operations.

Logical Operations

Operations that manipulate data bits based on Boolean logic, such as AND, OR, NOT, and XOR.

Carry Bit

A bit that indicates an overflow in binary addition, stored in a separate location.

Vector Image

An image representation that uses geometric shapes instead of pixels.

Bitmap Image

An image represented by an array of individual pixels.

RGB

A color model using red, green, and blue light to create various colors.